INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JURISPRUDENCE, SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AND CIVIC EDUCATION
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JURISPRUDENCE, SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AND CIVIC EDUCATION (INTERJACE) Editorial Policy INTERJACE is an international journal based in the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Authors are to visit the Journal website to register and submit their manuscripts. Alternatively, the manuscript can be E-mailed directly. The Journal publications shall be both online and off-line. INTERJACE shall be published twice in a year: January-June and July-December each year. Policy on Printing of Hard Copies There shall be no printing of hard copies of INTERJACE by INTERJACE Editorial Board. In order to assist contributors have printed or hard copies of the journal, all sufficient information about each volume of the journal such as the journal cover and table of contents and other preliminary information will be uploaded online for interested contributors to download and print accordingly.
NIGERIAN LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVISIONS LABOUR RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
This study highlights sector-specific implementation deficits relating to freedom of association, collective bargaining, occupational safety and health, and the elimination of child and forced labour. Beyond identifying structural and institutional constraints, the paper advances a normative position that formal ratification without deliberate legislative and administrative action is insufficient to secure meaningful labour protection. It concludes by proposing targeted legal reforms, strengthened institutional coordination, enhanced social dialogue, and the integration of ILO standards into national development planning as essential pathways for improving compliance. By situating Nigeria’s experience within broader international labour law discourse, the paper contributes to ongoing debates on the effectiveness of international labour standards in domestic legal systems of developing economies.
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PASTORAL CARE AND OPERATIONAL STRESS AMONG NAVAL PERSONNEL IN EASTERN NAVAL COMMAND, CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
The study investigated pastoral care influence on operational stress control among Combat Troops of Eastern Naval Command, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A survey research design was used for the study. The population consisted of 2145 Combat Troops in the Eastern Naval Command, as at when the study was carried out. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting a sample size of 322 Combat Troops. Data were generated through a well-structured and validated questionnaire designed to elicit information from the respondents. Cronbach alpha reliability analysis was used to test the reliability of the instrument which range from 0.733 to 0.809. Data collected was analyzed using independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance and 320 degrees of freedom. The result of the analysis showed that, preaching of the word and chaplain’s weekly individual and group counselling influenced operational stress control in Eastern Naval Command. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that, chaplains should seek possible ways to encourage combat troops to be more engage in spiritual exercises and providing holistic pastoral counselling to reduce operational stress.
TEACHERS' LIABILITIES IN SCHOOL: IMPLICATIONS FOR SAFE CLASSROOMS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA
Teachers occupy a central position in ensuring that students learn in classrooms that are safe, respectful, and supportive of their overall development. This paper examines teachers’ liabilities in protecting the rights of children and discusses the implications for creating safe classrooms in secondary schools in Nigeria. It highlights the legal, professional, and moral responsibilities of teachers in safeguarding students from abuse, discrimination, neglect, and other forms of rights violations within the school setting. The paper also explores how teachers’ actions, attitudes, and adherence to professional ethics influence the protection of children’s rights and the promotion of a secure learning environment. In addition, the discussion identifies key challenges that hinder teachers from effectively fulfilling these responsibilities, including limited awareness of child rights policies, inadequate training, weak institutional support, and poor enforcement of educational regulations.
KNOWLEDGE RETENTION BENCHMARKS AND INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY IN UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR AND AKWA IBOM STATE UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA
This study investigated the knowledge retention benchmarks that existed within the University of Calabar and Akwa Ibom State University. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the influence of documentation systems, succession planning, digital knowledge repositories, and knowledge sharing culture on the sustainability of these two universities. A correlational survey research design was adopted to answer the four research questions and test the four hypotheses that were formulated. A sample of 385 staff members from these two universities was obtained using the Taro Yamane formula. Data was collected from these participants using the Knowledge Retention Benchmarks and Institutional Sustainability Questionnaire (KRBISQ). The data was analyzed using descriptive and correlation statistics at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the research study indicated that the majority of staff members from both universities had experienced the presence of knowledge retention benchmarks within their institutions. Furthermore, the research study revealed that there were significant relationships between knowledge documentation systems, knowledge succession planning, digital knowledge repositories, and knowledge sharing culture with the sustainability of the institutions. Generally, it was found that there was a significant relationship between knowledge retention benchmarks and institutional sustainability within both the University of Calabar and the Akwa Ibom State University. Based on the findings, it is recommended that both universities should implement various policies and procedures that enhance their retention of knowledge and improve their long-term sustainability.
RETIREMENT EDUCATION AND FINANCIAL SECURITY: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE RETIREMENT PLANNING AND PREPARATION
Retirement education and financial security have become increasingly important due to rising life expectancy, economic uncertainties, inflation, changing labour markets, and evolving pension systems. This paper examined the concepts of retirement education and financial security and explored strategies for effective retirement planning and preparation. Specifically, the study discussed the role of retirement education in promoting financial literacy, psychological adjustment, health management, entrepreneurship, and social well-being among prospective retirees. It also examined the contributions of financial security to retirement satisfaction and identified the major challenges confronting retirement education and financial preparedness, including inadequate financial literacy, poor savings culture, inflation, weak pension administration, delayed pension payments, rising healthcare costs, technological changes, and limited institutional support. The paper adopted a descriptive approach based on an extensive review and synthesis of recent scholarly literature, policy documents, and reports from international organizations. The review revealed that retirement education significantly enhances retirement readiness by improving financial decision-making, investment behaviour, pension awareness, entrepreneurial competence, and psychological preparedness. It further established that financial security is strengthened through early retirement planning, continuous financial education, diversified investments, active participation in pension schemes, healthy lifestyles, lifelong learning, and professional financial advisory services. The paper concludes that retirement planning should be regarded as a lifelong process requiring the collective efforts of individuals, employers, governments, financial institutions, and educational organizations. It recommends the institutionalization of continuous retirement education programmes, strengthening financial literacy initiatives, improving pension administration and transparency, promoting diversified investment opportunities, encouraging entrepreneurship, and implementing supportive public policies that enhance retirees' financial security, well-being, and quality of life. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on retirement preparedness by providing practical strategies for achieving sustainable financial security and successful ageing in both developed and developing economies.
PERCEIVED IMPACTS OF RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ON STUDENTS: KEY ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
Students’ rights refer to the fundamental freedoms, protections, and entitlements guaranteed to learners within educational institutions. These rights are rooted in human rights principles and are essential for promoting equality, dignity, participation, and quality education. Despite their recognition in international conventions and national education policies, students’ rights continue to face numerous challenges in practice. Issues such as discrimination, lack of awareness of rights, unsafe learning environments, abuse of disciplinary power, exclusion of students with disabilities, and unequal access to educational resources persist across many educational systems. This paper examines the concept and major issues surrounding students’ rights, analyzes their causes and implications, and proposes practical solutions to strengthen rights protection. Using recent literature from 2020 to 2025, the study highlights the need for rights-based educational policies, effective enforcement mechanisms, and increased student participation in decision-making. The paper concludes that safeguarding students’ rights is essential for achieving equitable, inclusive, and quality education.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
This study interrogates the intricate relationship between Environmental Education and National Development, situating both within the broader paradigm of Sustainable Development. It advances the argument that environmental education constitutes a critical form of human capital investment that underpins sustainable economic growth, social well-being, and ecological integrity. By fostering environmental literacy, ethical consciousness, and problem-solving competencies, environmental education equips individuals and institutions to manage natural resources efficiently, mitigate environmental degradation, and respond adaptively to emerging global challenges, particularly those associated with Climate Science. The paper critically examines persistent structural constraints, including policy fragmentation, inadequate funding, curricular deficiencies, socio-cultural barriers, and weak institutional capacity, which collectively limit the transformative potential of environmental education in advancing national development. Drawing on insights from Development Economics and Political Ecology, it highlights the tension between immediate economic priorities and long-term environmental sustainability, particularly in developing economies. Notwithstanding these challenges, the study identifies significant prospects anchored in global development frameworks such as the United Nations’s Sustainable Development Goals, which provide strategic pathways for integrating environmental education into national planning processes. Opportunities for green economic transformation, technological innovation, climate resilience, and participatory governance are emphasized as critical levers for sustainable progress. The study concludes that the effective institutionalization of environmental education, through coherent policy integration, interdisciplinary curriculum reform, and sustained investment, remains indispensable for achieving resilient, inclusive, and sustainable national development trajectories in the 21st century.
TEACHERS' LEGAL RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF CONFLICT RESOLUTIONS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA
This paper examined the tension between teachers’ legal rights and increasing parental interference in matters of discipline, conflict resolution, and punishment of disobedience in secondary schools in Nigeria. Teachers play a critical role in maintaining order and promoting a conducive learning environment; however, their authority is often challenged by parents who intervene in disciplinary decisions. While parental involvement in education is essential, excessive interference may undermine teachers’ professional autonomy and weaken the school’s disciplinary framework. It recommends clearer policy guidelines on school discipline, stronger institutional support for teachers, and improved communication channels between schools and parents.
EXAMINATION OF CHILD’S LEGAL RIGHTS TO EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SIT-AT-HOME ORDERS IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
The prolonged or frequent sit-at-home enforcement creates a structural barrier to educational advancement, particularly for vulnerable children who rely heavily on stable school environments for learning and development. The paper contends that the normalization of such disruptions poses long-term risks to human capital development and social stability. It concludes by emphasizing the need for stronger legal protection of children’s educational rights, collaborative conflict-resolution mechanisms, and educational contingency strategies that ensure continuity of learning even during periods of social or political unrest.
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AS PREDICTOR OF ACADEMIC ADJUSTMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NSUKKA EDUCATION ZONE, ENUGU STATE
This study examined parental involvement and gender as predictors of academic adjustment among secondary school students in Nsukka Education Zone, Enugu State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a predictive correlational survey research design. The population comprised 10,229 Senior Secondary School Two (SS2) students in public secondary schools in Nsukka Education Zone during the 2025/2026 academic session. A sample of 404 students was selected using Taro Yamane’s formula and multi-stage sampling technique, out of which 392 valid responses were used for analysis. Data were collected using the Parental Involvement Questionnaire (PIQ) and Academic Adjustment Scale (AAS). The instruments were face-validated by experts, while reliability coefficients of 0.73 and 0.80 were obtained respectively using Cronbach’s Alpha. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression and Hayes’ PROCESS Macro (Model 1). The findings revealed that parental involvement had a significant positive moderate predictive power on academic adjustment (R = .488; R² = .238; p < .05), indicating that increased parental involvement enhances students’ academic adjustment. The study further revealed that gender, within the predictive model, had a significant moderate predictive power on academic adjustment (R = .497; R² = .247; F = 42.393; p < .05), indicating that gender significantly predicted academic adjustment among the students. It was concluded that parental involvement remains a critical family factor in promoting students’ academic adjustment, while gender also plays a significant role in shaping students’ adaptation to academic demands. The study recommended that parents should actively engage in their children’s academic activities, while schools should strengthen family–school collaboration and implement gender-sensitive support strategies to enhance students’ adjustment to academic demands.
JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION AND THE USE OF INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS
In this study, particular attention is given to the role of national courts, legislative bodies, and social partners in mediating international norms within domestic legal systems. The analysis further highlights the tension between state sovereignty and international compliance, as well as the challenges posed by informal employment, labour market flexibility, and limited enforcement capacity. Ultimately, the paper advances the view that international labour standards can meaningfully influence domestic labour law reforms only when they are adapted to local contexts, supported by strong institutions, and embedded within inclusive social dialogue frameworks. The paper concludes by calling for a shift from formal compliance toward context-sensitive implementation aimed at achieving tangible improvements in workers’ rights and labour protections.
CONSTRUCTIVE ACADEMIC PLANNING AND STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE IN BENJAMIN UWAJUMOGU STATE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, IHITTE UBOMA
Constructive academic planning remains pivotal to student success in Nigerian colleges of education, where teacher trainees require structured support to develop professional competencies. This study examined the impact of constructive academic planning on students’ academic performance at Benjamin Uwajumogu State College of Education (BUSCED), Ihitte Uboma, Imo State. Employing a quantitative-dominant mixed-methods design, the research assessed planning practices, identified implementation barriers, and evaluated correlations with performance indicators such as cumulative grade point averages (CGPAs) and retention rates. Data from 200 NCE students, 30 academic staff, and 10 department heads revealed strong positive relationships between effective planning elements (timetable stability, resource allocation, and curriculum alignment) and improved academic outcomes. Findings underscore the need for streamlined institutional strategies to enhance teacher preparation. Recommendations include tailored frameworks for resource-constrained colleges to boost retention and overall educational quality.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL ANXIETY, SCHOOL INSECURITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING OF UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study investigated the relationship between social anxiety, school insecurity and psychological well-being of university undergraduates in Anambra State. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted correlational research design. The population of the study consists 12,000 university undergraduates that are in 200 level from the two known public universities in the State in 2025/2026 academic session. The sample of this study comprised of 1000 respondents from the five faculties from both Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka and Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University respectively using simple random sampling technique. Three instruments were used for the data collection. These were School Insecurity Questionnaire (SIQ), Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ) and Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire (PWBQ). The instruments were subjected to face validation. The reliability of the instruments was established using Cronbach Alpha. The result gave coefficient values of 0.67 for School Insecurity Questionnaire, 0.75 for Social Anxiety Questionnaire and 0.75 for Psychological Well Being Questionnaire. The data were collected by the researchers with the help of research assistants who were properly briefed on how to administer the instrument. The completed copies of questionnaire were collected on the spot. Data analysis was done thus: research questions was answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significant using multiple linear regression. The findings of the study revealed that social anxiety has a weak relationship with psychological wellbeing of university undergraduates in Anambra State. That school insecurity has a weak relationship with psychological wellbeing of university undergraduates in Anambra State. The findings of the study indicated that social anxiety and school insecurity had significant weak joint relationship with psychological well-being of university undergraduates in Anambra state. Base on the findings the study recommended, among others, university management, educational psychologists and counselors should create mental health programmes and strategies for undergraduates to cope with psychological challenges.
UNDERSTANDING THE LEGAL BASIS FOR STAFF RECRUITMENT IN UNIVERSITY
Staff recruitment in universities is a critical administrative function that must be conducted within a clear legal framework to ensure fairness, transparency, efficiency, and compliance with national and institutional regulations. This project examines the legal foundations guiding staff recruitment in universities, highlighting relevant laws, policies, and procedures that regulate the employment of academic and non-academic staff. The study discusses key legal principles such as equality of opportunity, merit-based selection, due process, and accountability. It also examines the roles of governing councils, regulatory bodies, and management in recruitment processes. The project concludes that adherence to legal standards in recruitment enhances institutional integrity, prevents discrimination, and promotes effective human resource management in universities.
LITERACY AS A STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF NIGERIANS FOR ACCOMPLISHING THE 17TH GOAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Literacy education remains a fundamental instrument for promoting economic empowerment and sustainable development in contemporary societies. This paper examines the role of literacy education as a strategy for economic empowerment and sustainable development, with particular emphasis on Nigeria. The study adopts a conceptual and descriptive approach, drawing on existing literature, policy documents, and empirical evidence on literacy, empowerment, environmental sustainability, and waste-to-wealth initiatives. The paper argues that widespread illiteracy contributes significantly to poverty, unemployment, social vices, environmental degradation, and underdevelopment by limiting citizens’ access to knowledge, skills, and opportunities for productive participation in society. It highlights literacy education as a catalyst for raising awareness, enhancing critical thinking, developing vocational and entrepreneurial skills, and promoting responsible utilization of human and natural resources. The paper further demonstrates how literacy education can facilitate economic empowerment through functional and vocational training in waste recycling, environmental conservation, mushroom cultivation, compost production, paper manufacturing from agricultural residues, plastic recycling, and other income-generating activities. These initiatives not only create employment opportunities and improve livelihoods but also contribute to environmental sustainability through resource conservation and waste reduction. The study concludes that literacy education is indispensable for achieving sustainable development, reducing poverty, promoting environmental stewardship, and enhancing social stability. It recommends increased investment in literacy programmes, strengthened collaboration among government agencies, private organizations, and civil society groups, and the provision of adequate infrastructure, training facilities, and technological support to promote lifelong learning and economic self-reliance. The paper emphasizes that literacy is the cornerstone of meaningful development and a critical tool for achieving sustainable economic growth and environmental sustainability.
PROSPECTS OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN NIGERIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Collective bargaining remains a cornerstone of industrial relations, providing a framework for dialogue between employers and employees to secure fair working conditions and resolve labor disputes. This study examines the contemporary legal landscape governing collective bargaining in Nigeria, analyzing statutory provisions, judicial interpretations, and practical enforcement mechanisms. It also explores the impact of technological and global economic changes on labor relations. Findings suggest that while legal and institutional gaps hinder the optimal functioning of collective bargaining, strategic reforms and proactive engagement between stakeholders can create a more resilient and inclusive labor relations system. The study contributes to understanding how Nigerian labor law can adapt to modern work realities, balancing employee protections with industrial efficiency, and provides policy recommendations to strengthen collective bargaining frameworks in the 21st century.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ALGORITHMS AND POLITICAL PROPAGANDA ON STUDENTS' CIVIC KNOWLEDGE AND VOTER AWARENESS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN IMO STATE
The rapid proliferation of social media platforms has reshaped information consumption and political engagement among Nigerian youth, particularly in tertiary institutions. In Imo State, colleges of education train future teachers whose civic competence shapes subsequent generations. This study assessed the impact of social media algorithms and political propaganda on students’ civic knowledge and voter awareness across selected colleges of education. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research surveyed 800 students, conducted 40 in-depth interviews, and performed content analysis of 500 social media posts during the post-2023 election period. Findings revealed high exposure to algorithm-driven content, with platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and X (formerly Twitter) amplifying propaganda techniques, including emotional appeals, misinformation, and echo chambers. Quantitative analysis showed a moderate negative correlation between high exposure to biased content and civic knowledge scores (r = -.42, p < .01), while qualitative themes highlighted distorted voter awareness and reduced critical evaluation skills. Urban students reported greater access but higher susceptibility to polarization compared to rural counterparts. The study developed guidelines for integrating digital literacy into civic education curricula and produced a policy brief for institutional reforms. These outcomes underscored the dual-edged nature of social media in fostering or undermining informed citizenship, recommending targeted interventions to mitigate propaganda effects while harnessing platforms for democratic engagement.
ORGANIZATION-BASED SELF-ESTEEM AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE AS PREDICTORS OF TASK PERFORMANCE AMONG PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES IN AWKA CITY
The study investigated the impact of Organization-Based Self-Esteem (OBSE) and Work-Life Balance (WLB) in predicting Task Performance (TP) among private sector employees in Awka City. A total of one hundred and twenty-seven (127) private sector employees (53 males, and 74 females, mean age = 32.46yrs, SD = 5.69) participated in study. Three instruments were used for data collection namely: Organization based self-esteem scale, work-life balance scale, and task performance scale. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis with stepwise modeling. The results revealed that OBSE significantly and positively predicted task performance. Furthermore, WLB was found to be a significant positive predictor of task performance. The study findings underscore the importance of fostering a supportive work environment where employees feel respected and valued, while also promoting policies that allow for a healthier balance between work and personal responsibilities. The study recommends that private sector organizations in Awka and similar contexts should consider implementing interventions and strategies that enhance OBSE and support WLB initiatives to improve employee performance. Limitations of the study were also pointed out and future research directions proposed.
ANALYSIS OF CHILD ABUSE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT IN ANAMBRA STATE
The numerous cases of child abuse within secondary schools remain significant concerns in Nigeria, threatening the safety, dignity, and educational development of students. This opinion paper analyzes the various forms of violence and child abuse prevalent in Nigerian secondary schools and discusses their implications for protecting the legal rights of children. The analysis emphasizes the need for stronger legal enforcement, improved child protection policies in schools, teacher training on safeguarding practices, and the establishment of effective monitoring and reporting systems. It also highlights the importance of collaboration among government agencies, school authorities, parents, and civil society organizations in creating safe learning environments. The paper concludes that addressing violence in secondary schools is essential for upholding children’s legal rights and ensuring that educational institutions remain spaces that promote safety, dignity, and holistic development.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A TOOL FOR PROMOTING INFORMATION LITERACY AMONG LIBRARY USERS
The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed information creation, access, organization, retrieval, and dissemination across academic, public, and special libraries. As information environments become increasingly complex, information literacy has become a critical competency for library users. Information literacy enables individuals to identify information needs, locate relevant information, evaluate sources critically, and use information ethically. Artificial Intelligence technologies, particularly generative AI systems, machine learning algorithms, intelligent search engines, recommender systems, chatbots, and virtual assistants, have introduced new opportunities for enhancing information literacy instruction and service delivery in libraries. This opinion paper examines AI as a strategic tool for promoting information literacy among library users. The paper argues that AI can significantly improve information literacy outcomes through personalized learning, intelligent information retrieval, research support services, and real-time user engagement. However, concerns relating to misinformation, algorithmic bias, privacy, ethical use, and overdependence on AI necessitate critical information literacy education. The paper concludes that librarians must play a leadership role in integrating AI into information literacy programs while ensuring ethical, transparent, and responsible use of AI technologies.
LEGAL BASIS FOR STAFF RECRUITMENT IN UNIVERSITY
Staff recruitment in universities is a critical administrative function that must be conducted within a clear legal framework to ensure fairness, transparency, efficiency, and compliance with national and institutional regulations. This paper examines the legal foundations guiding staff recruitment in universities, highlighting relevant laws, policies, and procedures that regulate the employment of academic and non-academic staff. The study discusses key legal principles such as equality of opportunity, merit-based selection, due process, and accountability. It also examines the roles of governing councils, regulatory bodies, and management in recruitment processes. The paper concludes that adherence to legal standards in recruitment enhances institutional integrity, prevents discrimination, and promotes effective human resource management in universities.
STAFF TRAINING AND MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN CALABAR MUNICIPALITY OF CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
The study examines staff training and manpower development in manufacturing companies in Calabar Municipality of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of the study, two research questions were posed and converted into two null hypotheses to guide the study. Survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study comprised 8,431 company workers in the study area. The sample of the study is 160 company workers chosen from selected companies using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a four-point rating scale questionnaire with 20 items titled “Staff Training and Manpower Development Questionnaire”. The instrument was validated by three experts. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result of the analysis showed, among others, that orientation and vestibule training had significant relationship with manpower development in the study area. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that continuous staff training and effective evaluation should be used as a total for enhancing employees’ performance.
STRESS, DEPRESSION AND SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
The study investigated stress, depression and suicidal ideation. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted a survey research design. The sampling followed a multi-stage procedure (stratified and random sampling techniques). A sample of 1,016 was used for the data. Stress and depression questionnaire (SDQ) and Suicidal ideation questionnaire (SIQ) were the instruments used for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using simple regression analysis at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis showed that both course load-related stress and self efficacy-related stress has statistically significant influence on suicidal ideation among undergraduates in public universities in Cross River State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that University governing councils and school management boards in public universities in Cross River State should take urgent steps to establish comprehensive mental health centers within campuses. These centres should also offer confidential, walk-in services and operate flexible hours to accommodate students’ schedules. The National Universities Commission (NUC) and institutional curriculum committees should review and revise existing academic frameworks to reduce excessive course loads that contribute to academic stress and depression.
FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST SECONDARY SCHOOL CHIDLREN IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR PROTECTING THE CHILD’S LEGAL RIGHTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The presence of violence in educational settings negatively affects students’ psychological well-being, academic performance, and overall development. The paper identifies common manifestations of abuse, including physical violence, bullying, psychological and emotional abuse, sexual harassment, and neglect by both peers and authority figures within the school environment. These practices often violate fundamental child protection principles and undermine the rights of children as guaranteed under national and international legal frameworks such as the Child Rights Act and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The paper argues that persistent incidents of abuse in schools reflect gaps in policy enforcement, inadequate awareness of child protection laws, and weak institutional mechanisms for reporting and addressing violations. The paper concludes that addressing child abuse in secondary schools is essential for upholding children’s legal rights and ensuring that educational institutions remain spaces that promote safety, dignity, and holistic development.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE LIGHT OF CULTURAL VARIATION: A REFLECTION ON NIGERIA’ S ETHNO-RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY
Domestic violence has become a global topical issue. Social thinkers, scholars and human rights advocates have continued to express concern over the rising trend in domestic violence vis-à-vis the gradual and systematic erosion of family values as occasioned by culture. On daily basis the polity is awash with reports on spousal killings, brutalization, molestation, sexual abuse in the family. Evidently, these incidents have been traced to a number of factors which range from economic social, cultural and psychological disposition of spouses. Statistics obtained from Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics (2019) noted that thirty (30) percent of women in Nigeria, aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence, while sixty-eight (68) percent have encountered emotional, economic, or sexual abuse. This paper aims to bring to the fore the rising incidents of domestic violence in the light of cultural variation. This paper made use of qualitative method of data collection like Focus Group Discussion, Key Informant Interview and other secondary sources of data. The paper adopted and used a self-developed twelve (12) item semi structured interview guide for twelve (12) Key Informant Interview (KII) as well as two (2) sets of ten (10) participants each to elicit information on the phenomenon under study. The paper adopts biopsychological approach, social stressor and non-subordination theory in explaining domestic violence in spousal relationships. The paper concludes that, as long as spouses see marriage from the cultural point of view of male dominance and right to control his spouse so will the spates of domestic violence continue to threaten family life. The paper recommends a holistic approach as a means to solve the problem of domestic violence in Nigeria.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTORSHIP PRACTICES AND TEACHERS’ MORALE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study examined the relationship between mentorship practices and teachers' morale in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study and null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a correlational research design. The study was conducted in Anambra State. The population of the study comprised 6,598 teachers drawn from 267 public secondary schools from the six education zones in Anambra State. The sample for the study comprised 660 teachers drawn from a total population of 6,598 teachers in 267 public secondary schools across the six education zones in Anambra State. This sample, representing about ten per cent of the population, was considered adequate for obtaining reliable and generalisable results given the relatively homogeneous nature of the population. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted. Data were collected using two structured questionnaires developed by the researcher. The questionnaires were validated by three experts in the Department of Educational Management and Policy, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The instruments were pilot tested on 20 principals in Delta State. The test of reliability using Cronbach Alpha yielded reliability co-efficient of 0.88 and 0.86 for clusters 1 and 2 respectively with an overall reliability co-efficient of 0.87 for MPQ and 0.89 for TMQ. Data were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Pearson correlation was used to answer research questions and test hypotheses on the relationships among variables at a 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study revealed that there is a high positive relationship between coaching, modelling and teachers’ morale in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Finding also showed that there is a significant positive relationship between coaching, modelling and teachers’ morale in public secondary schools in Anambra State. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between mentorship practices and teachers’ morale in public secondary schools. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that The Post Primary Schools Services Commission (PPSSC) should implement structured mentorship programmes in public secondary schools that is focused on coaching so as to provide teachers with continuous guidance, professional support and opportunities for reflective practice. It was also recommended that principals should ensure that experienced teachers and mentors are encouraged to demonstrate effective teaching practices and professional behaviours through modelling, allowing less-experienced teachers to observe, learn and adopt best practices in classroom management and instructional delivery.
THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL RADIO BROADCASTS ON VOTER AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Local radio broadcasts remain a vital medium for disseminating electoral information in rural and semi-urban communities in Nigeria, where access to other mass media is limited. This study examined the influence of local radio broadcasts on voter awareness and participation during the 2023 general elections in Adamawa State. Using a survey research design, data were collected from 384 respondents selected through multistage sampling across five local government areas. Findings revealed a high level of exposure to local radio stations such as NAS FM, Gotel FM, and Sunshine FM, with 78% of respondents reporting frequent listenership to voter education programs. A significant positive relationship was found between exposure to radio broadcasts and voter awareness (r = .652, p < .01) and actual voter turnout (β = .481, p < .05). The study concludes that local radio significantly enhances civic engagement in Adamawa State. Recommendations include sustained collaboration between INEC, local radio stations, and civil society organizations for future elections.
ORGANIZATION BASED SELF-ESTEEM AND WORK MOTIVATION AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN AWKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE
The study investigated the influence of work motivation (WM) and organisation-based self-esteem (OBSE) in predicting organisational commitment (OC) among primary school teachers in Awka, Anambra State. A total of one hundred and nineteen (119) teachers (40 males, and 79 females, mean age = 31.47yrs, SD = .98) participated in study. Three instruments were used for data collection namely: Motivation at work scale, organization-based self-esteem scale, and organizational commitment scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis with stepwise modelling was employed to test the hypothesis. The results revealed that work motivation significantly and positively predicted organizational commitment. Furthermore, organisation-based self-esteem failed to significantly predict organisational commitment. The results of the study highlight the importance of work motivation and organisation-based self-esteem in enhancing teachers’ commitment to their jobs/schools. Limitations of the study were also emphasised and future research directions suggested.
LAWS AND DISCIPLINE AS TOOLS FOR MORAL AND CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIAN SCHOOLS
Discipline is a fundamental requirement for the effective functioning of any educational system. In Nigerian schools, the existence and enforcement of laws are essential for maintaining order, promoting moral values, and ensuring a conducive environment for teaching and learning. However, indiscipline among students has become an increasingly serious problem, manifesting in various forms such as truancy, examination malpractice, drug abuse, cultism, vandalism, and disrespect for school authority. These acts of indiscipline have negatively affected academic standards, school administration, student safety, and the overall image of the Nigerian educational system. This paper therefore, examines the relationship between law and indiscipline in Nigerian schools, emphasizing the importance of school laws as instruments for controlling behavior and fostering responsible citizenship. It explores the meaning and purpose of law within the school system, the nature and causes of indiscipline, and the social, family, and institutional factors that contribute to students’ misconduct. It highlights the consequences of indiscipline on students’ academic performance, moral development, and the general learning environment. It argues that the absence of effective discipline undermines the goals of education and threatens national development. The study concludes by proposing practical and sustainable solutions, including strict but fair enforcement of school rules, increased parental involvement, moral and civic education, guidance and counseling services, and stronger government support for school discipline. By strengthening the role of law and promoting discipline, Nigerian schools can better fulfill their responsibility of producing well-behaved, responsible, and productive citizens.
TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVE OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINS OF INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO PRIMARY SCHOOL CLASSROOMS IN OSHIMILI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined teachers’ perspectives on the opportunities and constraints of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into primary school classrooms in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted, with a sample of 162 teachers selected from a population of 285 using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and one-sample t-test at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that teachers generally perceive AI as beneficial for enhancing personalized learning, improving lesson delivery, saving instructional time, and promoting pupils’ academic performance. However, concerns were expressed regarding its ability to support learners with diverse needs. Major constraints identified include inadequate infrastructure, poor funding, limited internet access, and insufficient technical skills, although these were not statistically significant barriers. The study further showed that professional training significantly influences teachers’ readiness to integrate AI, while awareness of AI among teachers was moderate but significant. Support systems such as government policies, funding, infrastructure, and technical assistance were strongly identified as essential for effective AI integration. The study concludes that while AI presents significant opportunities for improving primary education, its successful integration depends on enhanced infrastructure, continuous teacher training, and strong institutional support. It is recommended that stakeholders prioritize investment in digital resources, capacity building, and policy development to facilitate effective AI adoption in schools.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) COMPETENCIES AND UTILIZATION OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SERVICES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR.
The present research evaluated AI competencies as it relates to utilization of university library services among undergraduate students in the University of Calabar, with utilization of university library services as the dependent variable. Artificial intelligence competencies were conceptualized using two dimensions: artificial intelligence literacy competency and artificial intelligence application competency. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 40,645 undergraduate and postgraduate students of the University of Calabar, from which undergraduate students constituted the focus of the investigation. A sample of 200 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling technique to ensure adequate representation of the study population. Data were collected using a researcher-designed structured questionnaire titled "Artificial Intelligence Competencies and Utilization of University Library Services Questionnaire (AICUULSQ)." The instrument was validated by experts in Library and Information Science, Educational Technology, and Measurement and Evaluation, while its reliability was established using the Cronbach Alpha reliability method, with the reliability coefficients confirming that the instrument was suitable for data collection. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the two null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that artificial intelligence literacy competency has a significant positive relationship with the utilization of university library services among undergraduate students in the University of Calabar. The study further established that artificial intelligence application competency significantly influences the utilization of university library services. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that the University of Calabar Library should organize regular training programmes and workshops aimed at improving students' artificial intelligence competencies and integrate AI-powered library services to enhance information retrieval, access to electronic resources, and overall library service utilization among undergraduate students.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION CONVENTIONS AND NIGERIAN IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES
International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions constitute the core normative framework for the promotion of decent work, social justice, and fundamental labour rights globally. Nigeria has ratified a significant number of these conventions, signalling formal commitment to international labour standards. However, persistent gaps remain between ratification and effective domestic implementation. This paper critically examines the challenges confronting Nigeria in translating ILO conventions into enforceable labour protections within its legal and institutional framework. Anchored on doctrinal analysis and policy-oriented critique, the study interrogates the constitutional and legislative processes governing treaty domestication in Nigeria’s dualist legal system, as well as the capacity of labour institutions to enforce international standards. It argues that weak domestication mechanisms, regulatory fragmentation, limited enforcement capacity, and the dominance of informal and precarious employment significantly undermine compliance with ILO obligations.
PRINCIPALS’ SCHOOL-BASED SUPERVISION STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS.IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
The study investigated principals’ school-based supervision strategy and management effectiveness in public secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. The research design adopted for the study was correlational survey research design. The area of the study was Cross River State, Nigeria. The population of the study was 281 public secondary school principals in Cross River State within the 2019/2020 academic session. The census approach was adopted for the study thus, all the 281 principals participated in the study. The instrument used for data collection was Principals’ School-based Supervision Strategy and Effective Management of Secondary School Questionnaire” (PSSSEMSSQ). Data collected was analyzed through SPSS version 23, using Mean, Standard deviation and Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that, there is a significant relationship between principals’ school-based supervision strategy and management effectiveness of secondary schools in Cross River State. The findings revealed that supervisory practices such as monitoring of lesson notes, instructional observation, teachers’ evaluation, staff meetings, mentoring and professional development programmes play vital roles in enhancing administrative efficiency and improving the quality of teaching and learning in secondary schools. It was therefore concluded that, principals’ school-based supervision strategy significantly contributes to the management effectiveness of public secondary schools in Cross River State. It was recommended that, principals of public secondary schools in Cross River State should intensify the use of effective school-based supervision strategies such as regular classroom visitation, monitoring of lesson plans and lesson notes, instructional observation and teachers’ evaluation to ensure quality teaching and learning. Principals should provide constructive feedback and professional support to teachers after supervision exercises in order to improve instructional delivery, enhance teachers’ effectiveness and strengthen the overall management of secondary schools.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF DIGITAL MARKETING AMONG SMEs IN AWKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
This study investigated the Factors Affecting the Adoption of Digital Marketing Among SMEs in Awka South Local Government Area. Two research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted, using a population of 950 respondents. A simple random sampling technique was adopted due to the composition of the study population. A structured questionnaire developed by the researcher was used for data collection instrument. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Findings reveal that employee skills and knowledge, and financial constraints significantly shape the adoption of digital marketing among SMEs in the study area. The results underscore that many SMEs face challenges in financing digital tools, training employees in digital skills, and keeping pace with technological advancements. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends a multi-pronged approach to addressing these challenges. SMEs should invest in among others digital infrastructure and prioritize capacity building for employees through continuous training and certifications.
CORRUPTION AS A FACTOR OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN PUBLIC SERVICE: A STUDY OF MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, OWERRI, IMO STATE
This work is designed to discuss the impact of corruption as a factor of underdevelopment in public services focusing attention on ministry of education, Owerri, Imo State. As regards the above assertion, the data has been collected from the Ministry, both primary and secondary. This is possible through the questionnaire formulated by the researcher. From the analysis and discussion, necessary findings were made. Corruption as one of the major causes of underdevelopment has causes, consequences and solution. In view of this, it has been observed that major cause of corruption is the inability of the workers to meet up with their financial obligation with their salaries. This is why it has been found in all areas of the nation 's economy as a factor of underdevelopment, be that as it may, certain steps should as well be taken to alleviate and ameliorate the problems associated with corruption. Salaries and welfare packages of workers should be increased so that they can be able to meet up with their financial responsibilities. Though, apart from poor salaries or wages, some members of the public also encourage corruption in public offices for example, mainly due to impatience or greediness, by not waiting for increment of their salary may be by promotion. Also, government should organize seminars and workshops in the nation's economy. Conclusively, I suggest that laws be enacted and made on corruption so that anybody found engaging or partaking in the act should be presented and disciplined.
SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT, DIGITAL LITERACY, AND READING COMPREHENSION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF META COGNITIVE AWARENESS
The study examined the relationship between social media engagement, digital literacy, and reading comprehension among secondary school students in Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State with focus on the mediating role of metacognitive awareness, which is a concern about the waning reading comprehension among secondary school students and the impact of digital media on students’ academic reading behaviors. A descriptive survey research design was used in the study. The population consisted of all the senior secondary school students (SS1- SS3) of public secondary schools in Oye-Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State. The sampling technique used was Taro Yamane sampling technique and multistage sampling procedure with a sample of 310 students. The data collection tool used was a structured questionnaire, Social Media Engagement, Digital Literacy, Metacognitive Awareness and Reading Comprehension Questionnaire (SMEDMRCQ), which has a reliability coefficient of 0.80 obtained by Cronbach Alpha. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, such as multiple regression and mediation analysis (Baron and Kenny approach). The results revealed that passive social media use predicted negatively with reading comprehension while active social media use as content maker and informational searching predicted positively with reading comprehension. Reading comprehension was significantly and positively predicted by digital literacy. Moreover, there were a partial mediation of the effect of digital literacy on reading comprehension and the effect of social media use on reading comprehension by metacognition awareness. The digital behaviours and cognitive regulation processes were concluded to affect reading comprehension. The study suggested that the teachers need to encourage students to use social media actively, enhance the implementation of digital literacy education, and utilize metacognitive strategies in reading activities to achieve better results of reading comprehension. social media engagement, digital literacy, reading comprehension, metacognitive awareness, secondary school students, mediation analysis, Oye-Ekiti
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONCEPT AND EXAMINATION MISCONDUCT TENDENCY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study investigated the relationship between self-concept and examination misconduct tendency among secondary school students in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study was guided by three research questions and three null hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance. A correlational research design was adopted, and a total of 12,978 SSII students in Public secondary schools constitute the population of the study. Also, 1,228 secondary school students drawn from both arts and science classes across the state participated in the study. Data were collected using two standardized questionnaires entitled “Self-Concept Questionnaire (SCQ)”, and “Examination Misconduct Tendencies Questionnaire (EMTQ)”. Data were collected through direct delivery method and analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test of correlation. Findings revealed that there was a very low positive but non-significant relationship between students’ self-concept and examination misconduct tendencies (r = 0.019, p > 0.05). Furthermore, when disaggregated by academic discipline, self-concept contributed minimally to such behaviour among both arts and ecience students. It was recommended that school counsellors and teachers should always consider students self-concepts and design programmes for the enhancement to enable students move away from examination misconducts. The findings have implications for counselling practice, school administration, and educational policy formulation.
PRINCIPALS’ TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLES AS CORRELATES TO MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA.
This study examined the relationship between principals’ transformational leadership styles and management effectiveness in public secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve this objective, two research questions were developed to guide the investigation. A correlational survey research design was employed, with the study conducted across public secondary schools in Cross River State. The target population comprised 281 public secondary school principals during the 2019/2020 academic session. Given the manageable size of the population, a census sampling technique was adopted, allowing all 281 principals to participate in the study. Data were collected using the Principals’ Transformational Leadership Styles and Management Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools Questionnaire (PTLSMEPSSQ). The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23, applying descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson Product-Moment Correlation). Findings indicated that the transformational leadership dimensions of idealized influence and individualized consideration had a significant positive relationship with school management effectiveness. Consequently, the study concluded that transformational leadership practices among principals play a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of public secondary school management in Cross River State. Based on these findings, the study recommended that principals consistently exhibit ethical conduct, integrity, fairness, and dedication in the discharge of their administrative responsibilities. Such behaviours are likely to position them as exemplary role models, foster teachers’ trust and confidence in school leadership, and ultimately promote collaboration, discipline, and improved management effectiveness within schools.
TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE LEGAL BASIS FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
This Abstract examines the legal frameworks that underpin the establishment and operation of educational institutions. It explores the constitutional provisions, statutes, and regulations that authorize and govern the creation of schools, from primary to tertiary levels. The analysis covers key aspects such as the right to education, the role of government in education, and the standards for school accreditation and management. It also addresses the legal requirements for school ownership, funding, and governance, as well as the rights and responsibilities of students, teachers, and administrators. The abstract highlights the importance of these legal foundations in ensuring access to quality education, promoting educational equity, and upholding the rule of law within the education sector.
IMPACT OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO HIGHER EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
The investigation reconnoiters the connection of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) and its impact in advancing higher education in Nigeria for sustainable development. The study was carried out in Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. Three research objectives and three research questions guided the study. The population of the study consisted of 286 lecturers from the faculty of education in Imo State University. The population was manageable, so there was no sampling. A structured questionnaire titled “Impact of Global Citizenship Education and Sustainable Development Questionnaire (IGCECSDQ)” were used as the instrument for data collection. The instrument was structured on a four-point rating scale of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD) weighted 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. The instrument was face validated by three experts; two from the Department of Art Education, one from the Measurement and Evaluation Unit, Department of Educational management, all in the Faculty of Education, Imo State. The reliability was determined at 0.84 using the Cronbach Alpha which was considered high enough for the instrument utilization. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation scores. The findings of the study revealed that global citizenship education, GCE significantly enhanced students' understanding of sustainable development challenges, including poverty, climate change, and social inequality. It fosters critical thinking about these global issues and their interrelated nature within the sub-sector. The study equally uncovers a range of challenges impeding effective GCE implementation in Nigerian higher education. These challenges encompass curriculum resistance, financial constraints, and the need for teacher capacity building. The findings of the study identify strategies to improve GCE within Nigerian higher education. These strategies identified include institutional support, curriculum integration, diverse pedagogical approaches, teacher capacity building; virtual exchange platforms and service learning. The study also underscores the need for standardized GCE frameworks and guidelines to provide a clear pathway forward. The findings hold implications for policy development and institutional reforms to promote GCE as a vehicle for nurturing global citizenship and addressing pressing global challenges within Nigerian higher education sector.
FINACIAL CONSTRAINTS IN PROVIDING INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION: A SURVEY OF COPING STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA
This study examined the relationship between financial constraints and innovation in industrial education within technical institutions in Nigeria. The study was motivated by the persistent challenge of inadequate funding, which limits the capacity of technical institutions to provide quality industrial education, develop infrastructure, acquire modern technologies, and promote innovative teaching and learning practices. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised 5,432 staff drawn from universities, polytechnics, colleges of education, and vocational training institutions offering industrial education programmes across Nigeria. Using a stratified random sampling technique, a sample of 1,086 respondents was selected, while 1,001 valid questionnaires were returned and analysed. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a reliability coefficient ranging from 0.79 to 0.88 (Cronbach's alpha). Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that technical institutions experience significant financial constraints that adversely affect infrastructure development, staff development, project implementation, and acquisition of modern equipment. The study further found that although institutions have made limited efforts to adopt strategies for overcoming financial limitations, partnerships with industry and other stakeholders play a significant role in fostering innovation. In addition, innovative practices were found to enhance the quality and relevance of industrial education by improving curriculum delivery, student engagement, workforce preparedness, and institutional effectiveness. The study concluded that sustainable funding, stronger industry collaboration, and increased investment in innovation are essential for improving industrial education in Nigeria's technical institutions. It recommended increased government funding, strengthened industry–institution partnerships, diversification of funding sources, and continuous investment in innovative educational practices to enhance the quality and competitiveness of technical education.