UNIZIK JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, SCIENCE AND VOCATIONAL STUDIES
UJERSVOCS UNIZIK JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, SCIENCE AND VOCATIONAL STUDIES Editorial Policy UJERSVOCS is based in the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Authors are to visit the Journal website: https://ujersvocs.org to register and submit their manuscripts. The Journal publications shall be both online and off-line. Publication shall be both regular and special. UJERSVOCSRegular Publication: This shall be published twice in a year: January-June and July-December. Unlike Special Publications, authors shall pay publication fees for Regular Publication. UJERSVOCSSpecial Publication: This shall be published once in a year or once in two years. Special Publications shall be sponsored publications. Unlike Regular Publications, authors shall not pay publication fees for Special Publication. Authors are to visit https://ujersvocs.org to register and submit their manuscripts. Alternatively, the manuscript can be E-mailed directly through: ujersvocs@gmail.com Policy on Printing of Hard Copies There shall be no printing of hard copies of UJERSVOCS regular publications by UJERSVOCS Editorial Board. In order to assist contributors have printed or hard copies of the journal, all sufficient information about each volume of the journal such as the journal cover and table of contents and other preliminary information will be uploaded online for interested contributors to download and print accordingly.
PRINCIPALS’ NON-CONFRONTATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND TEACHERS’ PARTICIPATION IN MEETINGS AND COMMITTEES IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study examined the relationship between principals’ non-confrontational conflict management strategy and teachers’ participation in meetings and committees in public secondary schools in Anambra State. The study was guided by nine research questions and nine null hypotheses were tested. The correlational research design was adopted. The population of the study was made up of 6,815 teachers while the sample of the study was 2,727 teachers sampled using proportionate random sampling technique and 2340 questionaries was collected. Two instruments developed by the researcher were used for data collection. The first instrument is titled “Principals’ Conflict Management Strategies Questionnaire (PCMSQ) while the second one is titled “Teachers’ Engagement in School Activities Questionnaire” (TESAQ). The instruments were validated by three experts who are lecturers, one from Measurement and Evaluation, Department of Educational Foundations and the other two were lecturers in Educational Management and Policy, all in Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. The reliability of the instrument was established using cronbach alpha method. Alpha coefficients of 0.78 was obtained in PCMSQ while a coefficient of 0.80 obtained for TESAQ. The researcher administered the copies of the instrument with the help of 5 research assistants each covering the six education zones. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used in data analysis in order to determine the relationship between principals’ conflict management strategies and teachers’ engagement in school activities in public secondary schools in Anambra State. It was found among others that a high positive and significant relationship existed between principals’ conflict management strategies and teachers’ engagement with school activities in secondary schools in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Ministry of Education should periodically organize seminars and workshops for principals on the need to continually adopt effective communication strategy so as to enhance classroom activities, compliance to principals’ directives as well as teachers’ participation in school meetings and committee activities in secondary schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 UNIZIK JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, SCIENCE AND VOCATIONAL STUDIES
IMPACT OF CONTEXTUALIZED PHYSICS CURRICULUM ON STUDENT INTEREST AND PERFORMANCE IN ANAMBRA STATE
Overall, physics education is a key to advancing scientific parameters by inculcating innovation into students; however, in Nigeria, conventional curricula involve the use of foreign knowledge that is abstract in nature, which hinders their interest as well as performance. This paper critically discusses the effect of a localized curriculum in physics that incorporates local content and real-life scenario, on interest and the performance of students in Anambra State. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design with four SS2 students and 20 physics teachers involved in four secondary schools within the Anambra central and south senatorial districts. Two schools applied the contextualized curriculum, the other two applied the standard one. The data was taken in terms of pre- and post-intervention surveys, follow-up achievement test, teacher interviews, and curriculum inspection. The quantitative data were analyzed with t-tests and ANOVA in SPSS, and the qualitative data with thematic analysis in NVivo. The findings indicated that the contextualized curriculum greatly promoted the interests (p < 0.05) and performance (p < 0.01) of students compared to control group. Learners had no relevancy to the existing curriculum in terms of application since they had no context. Having a validated contextualized curriculum was developed with the local phenomena which in this case was the mechanics of farming. Recommendations are the need to train teachers in teaching pedagogy and to support policy-making in decisions that focus on pedagogy. The results have facilitated the education scientific strategies and curriculum change in Nigeria.
EFFECTS OF THINK-PAIR-SHARE AND PROBLEM-SOLVING TEACHING METHODS ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AMONG BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES, SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA
This study investigated the effects of Think-Pair-Share and Problem-Solving Teaching Methods on Academic Achievement in Financial Accounting among Business Education Students in Public Universities, Southwest, Nigeria. One research question was raised while five hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The population of the study was 1,270 200 level Business Education students from all public universities in Southwest, Nigeria offering Business Education as a course of study. Sample size was 423 intact class participants drawn using simple random and purposive sampling techniques; however, only 384 participated. Two research instruments; Financial Accounting Achievement Test and Instructional Guide were used for the study with a reliability coefficient of 0.75 for the Financial Accounting Achievement Test” (FAAT) instrument. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test Hypothesis One; a Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test Hypothesis Two while dependent sample test (paired sample t) was used to test Hypotheses Three with the aid of Statistical Product and Service Solution version 27.0. Findings of the research question showed that 185 students representing 48.2% fell in the low achievement group, 154 students representing 40.10% fell into the moderate achievement group while 45 students, corresponding to11.72% performed excellently. Findings of hypotheses showed that: the mean score (59.75 ± 12.46) of students who were taught using problem-solving teaching method, indicates superior performance compared to those taught with the think-pair-share method (51.59 ± 14.16) and the lecture method (41.94 ± 11.86) with a F-statistic of 73.470 with p-value of 0.000, (F (1, 378) =.367, p =.545) also indicated that gender by itself does not significantly affect students' academic achievements. The pre-test mean score (43.75± 13.66) is significantly different (t = -7.659, df = 383, p<0.01) from the post-test mean score of students taught using think-pair-share, problem solving and conventional lecture methods (49.08± 14.68). It was concluded that the use of learner-centred methods such as think-pair-share and problem-solving teaching methods are more effective in improving Business Education students’ academic achievement in Financial Accounting. The researcher recommended among others that lecturers should implement a mixed strategy that incorporates TPS and problem-solving teaching methods in order to improve overall student engagement and achievement in Financial Accounting.
SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF EKWULOBIA, AGUATA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE
This work examined the effect of effective solid waste management on sustainable development in Anambra State. The study aimed to determine the effect of Poor Funding, Poor recovery and recycling programme, poor legislation and implementation of policy and poor infrastructures and professionals on sustainable development in Anambra State. Relevant conceptual, theoretical and empirical literatures were reviewed. The study was anchored on Cradle-to-cradle theory. Descriptive survey design was employed in Ekwulobia. The population was 1,350. Sample size was determined through the application of Taro Yamani’s statistical formula to have 309 as the sample for the study. The involved descriptive analysis and correlation analysis. Multiple regression analysis. The study found that poor funding has a significant influence on sustainable development. Poor recovery and recycling programme has a significant effect on sustainable development. Poor legislation and implementation of policy has a significant influence on sustainable development and infrastructures and professionals has a significant influence on sustainable development in Anambra State. The study concludes that effective solid waste management has a significant effect on sustainable development in Anambra State. The recommends that government that needs to address some issues of opening of more and not too distant refuse dumps/ landfills, improved fees for the services rendered by the waste service providers. They should be a management approach which should incorporate re-use and recycling, composting and energy generation and waste prevention. Also, there should be a review of the legislative aspects of solid waste management in other to work towards achieving the objectives of waste hierarchy. Government and environmental protection agencies and waste management personals should employee experts or exposed their staff to workshops and trainings that meet international standards on technology use, information management and knowledge management
EFFECT OF JIGSAW LEARNING TECHNIQUE ON TEST ANXIETY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AWKA SOUTH L.G.A. ANAMBRA STATE
The desire for more innovative techniques in decreasing test anxiety among young people necessitated the study on the effect of jigsaw learning technique on test anxiety among secondary school students in Awka- South L.G. A of Anambra State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The study adopted a quasi- experimental design, specifically the pre-test post-test non randomized control group. five hundred and eighty students constituted the population. The sample for the study comprises of one hundred and sixty-four senior secondary year one and two (SS1 and SS2) students who are test anxious sampled from three government owned co – educational schools in Awka-South L.G.A of Anambra State. The sampled students were assigned to experimental and control groups respectively. The instrument used for data collection was an adopted Speideger test anxiety inventory. The reliability of the instrument was that of internal consistency established using Alpha Cronbach. The experimental group were taught jigsaw learning technique for eight weeks while the control group were given the conventional counselling. Mean was used for answering the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used in testing the null hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed jigsaw learning technique were effective in modifying test anxiety behaviour among secondary school students. Moreover, the findings further revealed that, jigsaw learning technique was more effective in reducing male secondary school students’ test anxiety behaviour. It was therefore recommended that school counsellors, teachers and psychologists should employ appropriate psychotherapies, particularly in modifying test anxiety of students, teacher training colleges and institutions should emphasize and adopt cognitive restructuring technique in training pre-service guidance counsellors. Seminars, symposia, workshops, and conferences should be organized for guidance counsellors by the government, education stakeholders and professional bodies like Counselling Association of Nigeria (CASSON) to familiarize guidance counsellors with this innovative technique that can help reduce test anxiety behaviour among student.
CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined Chemistry teachers’ perceptions of innovative teaching methods in Kaduna State, Nigeria, focusing on their perceived effectiveness, preparedness, available institutional support, and barriers to implementation. A survey design was adopted, involving 95 Chemistry teachers selected from 91 public senior secondary schools across three senatorial districts using stratified sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire (CTPITMQ; r = 0.80) and analyzed with descriptive statistics and one-sample t-tests at the 0.05 significance level. Findings showed strong positive perceptions of innovative instructional strategies, with teachers affirming their effectiveness in enhancing student engagement, understanding of abstract concepts, and critical-thinking skills. Teachers also reported high levels of preparedness, although the need for additional professional development was evident. Access to instructional technologies was perceived as adequate; however, constraints such as large class sizes, limited laboratory facilities, and time pressures remained major obstacles. All four null hypotheses were rejected, indicating significant relationships between perceptions, preparedness, institutional support, attitudes, and the adoption of innovative methods. The study underscores the need for targeted professional development, improved infrastructure, and administrative support to strengthen the adoption of innovative instructional strategies in Chemistry education.
ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY AND SELF-ESTEEM AS PREDICTORS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN BIOLOGY IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study investigated academic self-efficacy and self-esteem as predictors of secondary school students' interest in Biology in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The predictive correlation survey design was adopted for the study. The population was 20,777 senior secondary school two (SSS 2) students offering Biology in Anambra State. A sample size of 732 students drawn from the population using multi stage sampling techniques was used for the study. The instruments for data collection were the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Students' Interest Scale (SIS). The instruments were validated by three lecturers, one from the Department of Science Education and others from the Department of Education Foundation, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of ASES, SES and SIS was established using Cronbach's Alpha, which yielded coefficients of internal consistency of 0.75, 0.81 and 0.88 respectively. Data were generated for the study through the administration of the instruments with the help of research assistants. The students' achievement scores in Biology were obtained from the teachers' folder. 2,928 questionnaires were physically distributed and all were collected at the spot. The data collected were analyzed using simple and multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study showed among others, that academic Self-efficacy significantly predicted about 2.4% of the academic achievement of secondary school students in Biology. It was also revealed that self-esteem significantly predicted about 2.4% of the academic achievement of secondary school students in Biology. The study concluded that academic self-efficacy and self-esteem play important roles in shaping secondary school students’ interest in Biology. The study established that students’ beliefs about their academic capabilities and their sense of self-worth are closely linked to how they engage with and value Biology learning. It was recommended amongst others that Biology teachers should adopt instructional strategies that strengthen students’ academic self-efficacy and self-esteem, such as providing constructive feedback, encouraging active participation, and using learner-centred approaches that allow students to experience success in Biology tasks.
INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS RISK ASSESSMENT FACTORS ON ADOPTION OF COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF SMES IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study investigated the influence of business risk assessment factors on adoption of computerized accounting system for improved performance of SMEs in Anambra State. One research question was raised and one hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study comprised 5,396 (3,137 managers and 2,259 accounting officers) working in the SMEs in Anambra State. A sample size of 361 (210 managers and 151 accounting officers) of SMEs was selected using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) stratified random sampling technique A-14 item structured questionnaire face validated by three experts in the field of education was used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument determined using Cronbach alpha formula yielded correlation coefficient of .74. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that managers and accounting officers agree that business risk assessment are factors that influence the adoption of computerized accounting system for improved performance of SMEs in Anambra State. It was also found that that managers and accounting officers did not differ significantly in their mean ratings on business risk assessment factors that influence the adoption of computerized accounting system for improved performance of SMEs in Anambra State. Based on the findings of the study, the research concluded that business risk assessment factors play a significant role in influencing the adoption of Computerized Accounting Systems (CAS) for the improved performance of SMEs in Anambra State. It was recommended that; managers of SMEs should develop effective business strategy in their organizations that will enhance the adoption of CAS for improved performance of their businesses. This is through conducting a thorough assessment of the current business operations, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL ACCOUNTING TOOLS IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION CURRICULA IN ANAMBRA STATE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
Upcoming trends that have rapidly increased the utilisation of digital accounting services, like QuickBooks, Sage, and cloud services, have identified the importance of integrating these tools in accounting education curriculum that would lead to better employability of accounting graduates. In Anambra State, Nigeria, tertiary institutions are struggling with curriculum alignment with industry requirements because the teaching methods used are outdated, there are insufficient trainings on lecturers and the available infrastructure are inadequate. The paper will also propose a directional model in which digital accounting tools can be incorporated into accounting education into the learning process in four Anambra State institutions: Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Federal Polytechnic Oko, and Anambra State Polytechnic. A mixed methods approach was adopted in this study, and data were obtained using a questionnaire, interview, and document analysis of 200 final year accounting students, 40 lecturers and 20 industry stakeholders. The analysis of the quantitative data was carried out in SPSS; the qualitative data was thematical, which was carried out using NVivo. Research indicates a lack of integration of digital tools, such barriers being the lack of faculty experience and institutional resistance. Potential opportunities are industry partnerships and curriculum redesign. A proposed curriculum model will focus on practical training, upskilling the lecturers, and policy making. This paper adds value towards the balance of accounting education with the economic agenda of Nigeria, improvement of teaching standards, and preparation of graduates to a technologically-based economy.
EFFECT OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH ON SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
The quest to achieve effective teaching and meaningful learning in Biology prompted the study on effect of flipped classroom instructional approach (FCIA) on the academic achievement of Senior Secondary two (SSII) students in Biology in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was guided by four research questions and six null hypotheses. A quasi-experimental research design especially, the non-randomized control group design was adopted for the study. A total of 195 SSII students was sampled for the study using multistage sampling procedure. The instrument for the study was Biology Achievement Test (BAT). The instrument was validated by three (3) experts from faculty of Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Kudder-Richardson Formula 20 was used to establish a reliability coefficient of 0.78 for BAT. Both experimental and control groups were taught Biology for four weeks using FCIA and lecture method (LM). The BAT was administered as pretest and post-test at different times for data collection. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while ANCOVA was used to test the null hypotheses at .05 alpha level. The findings revealed that FCIA significantly enhanced the achievement of students in Biology more than LM. Also, there is no significant difference on the effect of FCIA on academic achievement of male and female students in Biology. Based on the findings it was recommended among others that; Biology teachers should adopt FCIA when teaching Biology to enhance students’ interaction with each other and the learning materials to facilitate achievement in the subject.
NANO-ENCAPSULATION OF Gongronema latifolium (UTAZI) LEAF EXTRACT USING PLURONIC F-127 FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES
Diabetes is a debilitating disease placing a huge burden on the body as a result of its inability to break down glucose. In this study, Gongrenema latifolium (Utazi) leaf were air-dried, macerated with ethanol, and encapsulated with pluronic F-127. Standard analytical methods were used for the quantitative phytochemical analysis, Uv-Visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the time-release profile of the encapsulated G. latifolium leaf extract and metformin (a standard-anti-diabetic drug) at 295 nm. FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET and EDX analysis were conducted on the encapsulated particles to establish its surface area, morphology and elemental composition. The results of the phytochemical analysis indicated that tannin (22.001% ± 4.712), was contained highest in the plant leaf, followed by flavonoids (13.011% ± 0.611), cardiac glycoside (11.912% ± 0.911), and the least was oxalate (0.194mg/100 ± 0.202). The time-release profile at 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h and 4h released (0%, 4.80%, 18.50%, 30.60% and 40.30% respectively of the encapsulated G. latifolium leaf extract), and 0%, 7.20%, 18.40%, 30.60% and 40.30% respectively of the metformin, into the body at equal rates and quantities. FTIR results showed CC or CN bond stretching, 1647.77 cm-1 of C=O stretching, 1540.06cm-1 of N-H bending and C-N stretching vibrations for amides in alkaloids, and 875.13cm-1 of C-H out of plane bending. The presence of these peaks confirmed the successful encapsulation of the G. Latifolium leaf extract components by the pluronic F-127 without altering the chemical compositions. The FTIR spectra for the metformin showed peaks for alcohol (OH stretch at 3666.99cm-1), amines and amides (NH symmetric stretch at 3126.00cm-1), sulfonamide (SO2 symmetric stretch at 1189.54cm-1), sulfoxide (S=O stretch at 1057.41cm-1), aldehydes (CHO bending at 2738.18cm-1. The SEM and TEM results gave a monograph of a good interconnectivity of the G. latifolium leaf extract and pluronic F-127 as a result of good granular porosity with mesoporous pore sizes of 2.00 nm 5.80 nm with an average of 15.6 nm particles size clustered with fainted thin layers of neighboring materials. BET results indicated 821.431 m2/g surface area, 0.65400 cc/g pore volume and 27.4210 nm pore diameter. EDX results gave C, (52.16%, 5.90%), Na, (3.01%, 0.29%), K, (0.26%, 0.35%), Ca, (4.00%, 2.40%), and Si, (1.00%, 47.90%) respectively for encapsulated G. latifolium leaf extract and metformin. Fe, (21.09%) and N, (0.70%) were seen in the encapsulated G. latifolium leaf extract while Ba, (7.90%), P, (1.10%) and Al, (11.70%) respectively were seen in the metformin. The significance of the results is that pluronic F-127 encapsulated G. latifolium leaf extract has good surface activity, effects, adsorption capacity and surface area for drug adsorption and delivers anti-diabetic component at same rate with the conventional drug.
PERCEIVED EFFECT OF COMPOUND FARMING ON FAMILY SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD IN NSUKKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
The study assessed the effect of compound farming on family sustainable livelihood in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Primary data were utilized in the study and were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire, interviews and observations from 120 compound farming households through a multistage random sampling technique. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that compound farming enterprise was dominated by women mostly with primary and secondary education with a mean household size of 5 persons. Cassava (Manihot Esculenta), maize (Zea Mays), Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), and oil palm (Elaeis Guineansis) were the most cultivated tuber, cereal, vegetable and tree crops respectively, while, poultry was the most reared livestock in the study area. The mean monthly income of compound farming in the study area was revealed to be ₦125,208.00 monthly. The major contribution of compound farming to sustainable livelihood in Nsukka LGA among others is the provision of food for daily consumption. The challenges encountered in the practice of compound farming among others include lack of interest in farm activities and lack of knowledge and skills in the relevant/desired agricultural practice or operation. It was recommended that frequent workshops/seminars and trainings be organized by extension agents for livestock and crop farmers. Also, that compound farmers should form and belong to cooperative or self-help societies as it will help them to easily pool their resources together and attract loans from the government and financial institutions.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CODING BOOTCAMPS IN ENHANCING COMPUTER SCIENCE SKILLS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The intensive pace of technology change necessitates an adequate knowledge of computer sciences where secondary school learners are drilled to have hands on game applications and computational thinking. This paper examines how coding bootcamps work to develop computer science competencies among the students in Senior Secondary 2 (SS 2), Anambra State, Nigeria. Following a mixed-methods approach, a total sample of 200 students and 20 teachers in 20 public and 20 private schools nationwide and 10 instructors in local boot camps were used. The data will be obtained by means of questionnaires, pre- and post- bootcamp coding assessment, and interviews, which will be analyzed with the help of SPSS (using quantitative data) and NVivo (using qualitative information). The results indicate that bootcamps had considerable effects in enhancing the level of proficiency in Python and JavaScript coding among the students with an average performance increase of 32.4% in the post-assessment scores. Students have also shown a better problem-solving expertise as well as involvement. The main obstacles were the inadequacy of facilities in training the facilitators and the resource factor whereas student enthusiasm and collaboration with tech hubs were enablers. The work identifies gaps in the existing computer science programs and suggests the need to incorporate bootcamps into the curriculum to address the skills shortage, which will be used in the course of the digital transformation initiatives in Nigeria.
SELF-CONCEPT AS A CORRELATE OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN CHEMISTRY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ONITSHA EDUCATION ZONE
Self-concept as correlate of academic performance in Chemistry among secondary school students in Onitsha Education Zone was examined. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a correlation research design. The population of the study comprised 3,259 senior secondary school two (SS2) students offering Chemistry from 32 public secondary schools in the Zone. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw 356 students from the population. The instruments used for data collection are Chemistry Self–Concept Questionnaire (CSCQ) and 2024/2025 cumulative result scores in Chemistry, which were validated by three experts, two from the Department of Science Education and one from Educational Foundations (Measurement and Evaluation Unit), all in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach's alpha method, with coefficients of 0.79 for CSCQ, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. Data collection involved the direct administration of the questionnaire to respondents by the researcher and five research assistants. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were employed for the analysis of the data collected using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. The findings of the study revealed that there is a moderate positive and significant relationship between self-concept and academic performance in Chemistry. The study concluded that self-concept is a significant correlate of academic performance in Chemistry among secondary school students. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended amongst others that school administrators and teachers should establish structured programs that focus on strengthening positive academic self-concepts among student.
EFFECT OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN GENETICS
This study investigated the effect of science technology and society (STS) instructional approach on secondary school students’ achievement in genetics in Udi Education Zone, Enugu State. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. Quasi-Experimental research design, specifically the non-equivalent pretest- posttest control group design was adopted for the study. Genetics Achievement Test (GAT) was administered on a sample of one hundred and forty (140) SSIII Biology students drawn randomly from a population of 1264 SSIII Biology students in the forty-five (45) government owned co-educational schools. Two schools each were assigned to the experimental and control groups respectively. The experimental groups were exposed to STS instructional approach while the control groups were taught using the conventional approach. The instrument was trial tested and a reliability index of 0.97 was obtained using Kudder- Richardson formula KR 20. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study revealed that students taught using STS instructional approach had higher mean achievement scores than their counter parts in the control group. The interaction effect of instructional approach and gender on students' mean achievement scores in Genetics was statistically significant. In line with the findings of the study, the educational implications of the findings were highlighted and the recommendations were equally proffered among others, that science teachers should intensify the use of STS instructional approach to enhance better achievement among students in science and technology-based subjects.
ROLE OF SCHOOL LIBRARY PROGRAMS IN PROMOTING READING CULTURE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
This paper will discuss how a school library program can contribute to the development of a reading culture among the students in secondary schools in Anambra state, Nigeria. Although there is ample evidence that reading can accrue academic and personal growth, low reading culture among the learners persists and it is worsened by a lack of usable libraries and interesting programs. The mixed-methods were used to collect data involving 300 students and 12 librarians in six secondary schools within the three senatorial zones of Anambra State. In identifying the types, frequency, and the effect of the library programs the study identifies shortages regarding the resources and an untrained staff as elements that place challenges on the programs. The findings indicate a large positive contribution to the reading engagement of students by well-organised library activities like book clubs and reading contest. The recommendations to enhance library programs are more funding, training of librarians, and the reform of policies. This paper will add to the discussion on literacy promotion interventions in Nigerian schools.
UTILIZATION OF WEB-BASED ASSESSMENT APPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH BY POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
The study examined the utilization of web-based assessment applications by postgraduate students of Business Education in South-East Nigeria. One research question guided the study, and two hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 significance level. A descriptive survey design was adopted, covering the entire population of 141 postgraduate students from six public universities in South East, Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed with mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistics. The findings indicated that postgraduate students use web-based assessment applications to a high extent. Further analysis showed that utilization did not differ significantly across age groups. The study concluded that postgraduate students of Business Education in South-East Nigeria actively use web-based assessment applications in their research activities. Based on these findings, it was recommended that Administrators of Business Education programmes should continue to provide and expand access to web-based assessment applications for postgraduate students to ensure that all students can readily use these tools in their research activities. It was also recommended that Managers of postgraduate schools should organise regular training workshops to enhance postgraduate students’ proficiency and confidence in using web-based assessment applications, ensuring effective utilisation regardless of gender and age.
EFFECT OF LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS OF MUCUNA PRURIENS (L) ON OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN LEAD ACETATE-INDUCED TESTICULAR TOXICITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of Mucuna pruriens leaves and stems on hormone levels in lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in wistar albino rats. A total of fifty-four (54) adult male albino rats were randomly assigned into nine (9) groups of six (6) rats in each group. Then, toxicity was induced by administration of 60mg/kg of lead acetate (LA) twenty-four hours before administration of Mucuna pruriens extracts. All the administration was by oral intubation for 28 days as follows: Group A (Normal control) received only food and water. Group B was induced with 60mg/kg of LA and Untreated (Negative Control). Group C (Positive control) was induced with 60mg/kg of LA but was treated with a Standard drug (Clomid- 1.0mg/kg). Group D was induced with 60mg/kg of LA and was treated with 200mg/kgBW Mucuna pruriens leaves ethanol extract (MPLE). Group E was induced with 60mg/kg of LA and was treated with 400mg/kgBW of MPLE. Group F was induced with 60mg/kg of LA and was treated with 600mg/kgBW of MPLE. Group G was induced with 60mg/kg of LA and was treated with 200mg/kgBW Mucuna prurien sstem ethanol extract (MPSE). Group H was induced with 60mg/kg of LA and was treated with 400mg/kgBW of MPSE. Group I was induced with 60mg/kg of LA and was treated with 600mg/kgBW of MPSE. Lead acetate (LA) administration resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase but increased the malondialdehyde levels. Treatment with the extracts significantly (P<0.05) reversed the effects of the lead acetate. These findings suggest that Mucuna pruriens ethanol extracts have potential therapeutic effects against lead acetate toxicity. The presence of bioactive compounds with reported antioxidant effects suggests antioxidant mechanisms of Mucuna pruriens ethanol extracts against lead toxicity.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Chlorophytum laxum (R. Br) CRUDE EXTRACT AGAINST Tinea capitis ISOLATED FROM PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN ZARIA, KADUNA STATE
Resistance to potent antibiotics used in hospitals and clinics by disease-causing organisms is currently among the major public health concerns, therefore necessitating the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. This study was conducted to determine the antifungal activity of Chlorophytum laxum crude extract against Tinea capitis isolated from primary school pupils in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The plant materials were collected from the Botanical Garden, Biological Sciences Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (main campus). The whole plant was air-dried, ground into powder and extracted using methanol by maceration method. Differential fractionation of the methanolic extract of C. laxum in different solvents was carried out using 30g of the extracted powder and partitioned sequentially using hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol respectively. The clinical samples (scalp scrapings and hair) were collected using sterile surgical blade; inoculated onto prepared SDA and subcultured, at regular intervals. The fungi were identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The antifungal activity of extract fractions was evaluated using poisoned-food technique to determine the effect of different extracts (2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) on the growth of fungal species. GC/MS analysis identified Dimethyl sulfone, 4-methylvaleric acid,1-Propanol, and 5H-tetrazol-5-amine as probable bioactive compounds with antifungal properties in the fractions. The crude methanolic extract exhibited antifungal activity on the test organism, and the highest inhibitory effect was observed at the 20% concentration of the extract against the test organisms (30.00 ± 6.11 mm for Microsporum ferrugineum, 37.33 ± 1.20 mm for Trichophyton soudanense and 60.33 ± 0.88 mm for Trichophyton tonsurans respectively. The highest antifungal activities in Microsporum ferrugineum, Trichophyton soudanense, and Trichophyton tonsurans were observed at the 20% concentration regardless of the fraction method. The highest mean values of 78.00 ±5 .51 mm, 80.00 ± 3.3.51 mm and 85.00 ± 2.65 mm were observed at 20% concentration of aqueous fractions. The findings of this study showed that Chlorophytum laxum could be a good candidate for use in the management of tinea capitis, although further evaluation needs to be carried out in other to fully validate ITSS traditional usage.
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION FOR YOUTH ENGAGEMENT IN ANAMBRA STATE
Agricultural education is critical towards enabling youth to bring about economic growth and food security through agricultural activity in Anambra State, Nigeria. Nevertheless, conventional modes of teaching are ineffective because they do not appeal to the young population that is tech-savvy and thus, leading to high unemployment and poor agricultural performance. They research how well digital technologies including mobile apps and e-learning systems fit into agricultural learning to increase youth participation in Anambra State. Through the use of mixed-method, respondents were selected in three institutions; 150 youth, 30 lecturers, and 15 agricultural extension officers in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State Polytechnic, and a vocational training institution in the state of Awka. The results show that limited integration of the digital in the education system is because of the poor structure of these systems, poor levels, and lack of a willingness to use digital materials in the curriculum. Examples of opportunities are using high rates of smartphone access and young digital literacy. The research will give us information about obstacles, youth perceptions and reasonable steps that can be taken to incorporate digital tools into curricula to improve involvement. Policy recommendations are provided to facilitate the transition towards youth-led agricultural change in Anambra state that is part of the National Digital Agriculture Strategy (2020-2030) in Nigeria.
SPORTS ADMINISTRATORS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF INADEQUATE COACHES, FUNDING AND TRAINING ON ATHLETE'S PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY GAMES (NUGA) IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
This study examined the perceptions of sports administrators on the effects of inadequate sports coaches, funding and inadequate training on athlete's performance in Nigerian University Games (NUGA). Three research questions guided the study while three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of this study comprised 234 sports administrators from Zones G and O of the Nigerian University Sports administrative zones comprising of sports managers, sports coaches, sports scholars and sports personalities. The research instrument used for data collections was a self-structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions posed for this study while t-test was used to test the null hypothesis. The study recommends recruitment of qualified coaches, increased funding and provision of modern training facilities to enable adequate training and enhance athlete performance.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE NEXUS BETWEEN ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT VARIABLES AND INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY AMONG SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS
In Nigeria, the implementation of inclusive education seeks to provide equitable learning opportunities for children with special needs. However, concerns persist regarding declining instructional quality, inadequate assessment practices, and the absence of clear evaluation guidelines for students with disabilities. This study examined the relationship between administrative management variables and instructional delivery among special education teachers in public secondary schools in Cross River State. Specifically, it explored how professional development and job supervision relate to instructional delivery. Two research questions and corresponding hypotheses guided the study, which adopted a correlational research design. The population consisted of 92 special education teachers, and the census approach was utilized. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Administrative Management Variables and Teachers’ Instructional Delivery Questionnaire (AMVTIDQ), designed on a four-point Likert scale. The instrument’s validity was confirmed by experts in Educational Management and Measurement and Evaluation at the University of Calabar, while reliability testing produced Cronbach Alpha coefficients ranging from 0.81 to 0.83. Data were analyzed using scatterplots and Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) at the 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between professional development, job supervision, and instructional delivery among special education teachers. The study concluded that administrative management variables strongly influence instructional effectiveness. It was recommended that the Ministry of Education and school administrators strengthen continuous professional development programs and adopt supportive supervisory practices to enhance instructional quality and promote inclusive education outcomes.
EFFECT OF VIRTUAL SIMULATION INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUE ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY IN NNEWI EDUCATION ZONE OF ANAMBRA STATE
This study investigated effect of Virtual Simulation Instructional Technique on Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Biology in Nnewi Education Zone, Anambra State, Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design, specifically, the pretest-posttest control group design. The population of the study comprised of 3,493 senior secondary two (SS2) students offering Biology in State Government-owned secondary schools in Nnewi education zone of Anambra State. A sample of 93 senior secondary two (SS2) students offering Biology (45 males and 48 females), selected using multi-stage sampling approach was used for the study. The instrument for data collection was the Biology Achievement Test (BAT), which was validated by three experts and tested for reliability using Kuder-Richardson (KR-21) formula which yielded a reliability index of 0.83. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings of the study revealed among others that there was a significant difference between the mean achievement scores of students taught nutrient cycle using the Virtual Simulation Instructional Technique (VSIT) and those taught using Conventional Expository Method (CEM) in favour of the experimental group. In conclusion, students taught nutrient cycle using Virtual Simulation Instructional Technique (VSIT) achieved higher mean scores compared to those taught using Conventional Expository Method (CEM). Based on these findings, it was recommended among others, that Biology teachers, curriculum planners, and policymakers integrate virtual simulation tools into classroom practice to foster active learning and improve biology education in Nigerian secondary schools.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTY OF SOME SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ)-INDUCED DIABETIC MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS
The present study aimed to comparatively assess the antidiabetic property of the leaf extracts of Musa paradisiaca (MP) (plantain) peels, Gongronema latifolium (GLE) (utazi), and Vernonia amygdalina (VA) (bitter leaf). Acute toxicity test was done using modified method of Lorke D as there was no mortality death ratio. For the acute toxicity test, twenty-four male wistar albino rats were used while seventy-five male rats were randomly assigned into 15 groups of 5 rats per group. Diabetes was induced in group 2-15 by intraperitoneal administration of 60mg/kg by weight (BW) of streptozotocin (STZ) while group 1 was the normal control, group 2 and 3 were treated with normal saline and 500mg/kg of metformin respectively. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with 200, 400 and 600mg/kg of M. paradisiaca peels (MPPE) respectively. Groups 7, 8 and 9 were treated with 200, 400 and 600mg/kg doses of G. latifolium (GLE) extracts. Groups 10, 11 and 12 were also treated with 200, 400 and 600mg/kg of V. amygdalina (VAE) extracts while groups 13, 14 and 15 were treated with combined 200, 400 and 600mg/kg extracts (1:1:1). The treatments lasted for 28 days by oral intubation with different doses of combined extracts of (MPPE, GLE and VAE) respectively. The results showed that blood glucose and amylase activity were significantly higher (p<0.05) in group 2 than in group 1. Treatments with the extracts and metformin resulted to a significant reversal in the values of these parameters. The effect of the extracts was found to be significantly dose dependent, the effect produced by the combined extract was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the individual extracts. The effect produced by 600mg/kg of combined extract was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of metformin. The findings from this study are indicative that the extracts of MPPE, GAE, VAE and combined form possess antidiabetic property which may be attributed to their chemical constituents.
GREEN OFFICE DESIGN AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SECRETARIES IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN AWKA METROPOLIS OF ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
The study assessed green office design and its effect on the productivity of Secretaries in business organizations in Awka Metropolis of Anambra State, Nigeria. Two specific objectives, and two research questions were posed. The study adopted correlational research design and was carried out in Awka metropolis, of Anambra State, Nigeria. The population of the study was 216 confidential office secretaries in selected business organizations in Awka metropolis. The entire population of 216 confidential office secretaries was used because of their small size. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire on Green Office Design and Productivity of Secretaries in Business Organizations (GODPSBO) which was developed from literature review for the study. The Questionnaire contained 17 item-statements. The instrument was validated by three experts: two in the field of Business Education and one in measurement and evaluation all in Nnamdi Azikiwe University. The reliability of the instrument was computed using Cronbach Alpha formula which yielded an aggregate reliability co-efficient of 0.82 for cluster A and 0.84 for cluster B, with an overall coefficient value of 0.89. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze responses to the questionnaire items. The study revealed among others variation in the productivity of secretaries in business organizations because of the noisy office environment. The study also revealed that green office is a significant predictor of improved productivity by secretaries in business organizations.
REVOLUTIONIZING CHEMISTRY EDUCATION: THE IMPACT OF CHEMLAB SOFTWARE IN ANAMBRA STATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS
The paper focused on the influence of Chemlab software on the training of chemistry in secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria, which has been affected by the lack of sufficient laboratory facilities and high degree of practical teaching. A quasi-experimental design was employed and used 200 SS2 students and 20 teachers of four schools in a three-month intervention. Academic performance, engagement, and the barriers to adoption were measured by pre- and post-tests, questionnaires, and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data using SPSS (t-test and ANOVA); qualitative data were analyzed on a thematic level using NVivo. According to results, significant improvement was observed in academic performance (p < 0.05) and increased engagement with students in the experimental category. Bottlenecks involved low levels of teacher preparation and lack of infrastructures. A model of the way Chemlab is to be incorporated into the chemistry curriculum was suggested; this model focused on teacher preparation and on policy provision. These results highlight the possibilities of digital tools to complement chemistry learning in low-income contexts, and can provide directions in curricular development and expansion in Nigeria.
AVAILABILITY OF LABORATORY SAFETY SPECIFICATIONS AND AWARENESS OF LABORATORY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study investigated the availability of laboratory safety specifications and awareness of laboratory safety precautions among senior secondary school Biology Students in Anambra State, Nigeria, adopting a descriptive survey research design. Three research questions guided the study and one null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. A sample of 720 Senior Secondary School Year Two (SS2) students were drawn from the population of 15,744 students offering Biology, using multi-stage sampling procedure. Two instruments were used for the study. The first instrument titled; Availability of laboratory safety specification checklist (ALSSC) has two sections, availability of laboratory safety facilities (ALSF) and Availability of laboratory safety equipment and materials. The second instrument, Awareness of laboratory safety precaution questionnaire (ALSPQ). Both instruments were validated by experts in science education and employed for data collection. A reliability coefficient of 0.73 and 0.67 was obtained for the two sections of ALSSC respectively. And 0.82 for ALSPQ where ascertained using Kuder Richardson formula 21. The instruments administered with the help of two research assistants and data collected were analyzed using Percentage to answer the research questions and chi square test of independence was used to test the null hypotheses, at 0.05 alpha levels. The findings revealed among others that safety facilities as well equipment and materials are not available in Biology laboratories in secondary schools in Anambra State. Also, both male and female biology students agreed that they were not aware of laboratory safety precautions. And there is no significant difference in the awareness of laboratory safety precautions by male and female secondary school students offering Biology in Anambra State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that government and school administrators should prioritize the provision of safety concerns and materials in secondary school laboratories.
EFFECT OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING APPROACH ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY IN ENUGU EDUCATION ZONE
The search for innovative approaches for the effective teaching and learning of Biology in Secondary Schools necessitated the study on effect of Experiential Learning Approach (ELA) on secondary school students’ academic achievement in Biology in Enugu Education Zone. Two research questions and three null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. A quasi-experimental research design, specifically the pretest posttest non-randomized control group design was used. A total of 3,935 Senior Secondary two (SS2) students constituted the population. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to draw a sample size of 136 SS2 students used in the study. The students from two intact classes were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups using a flip of a coin. A Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was used for data collection. The BAT and lesson plans were validated by three experts. The reliability index of the BAT established using Kuder-Richardson 20, yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.91. Mean and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed among others that ELA is more effective in enhancing students’ academic achievement in biology than CLM. There was no significant difference in the mean academic achievement in biology by male and female students. Also, there was no interaction effect of teaching methods and gender on students’ academic achievement in biology. The study concluded that ELA is a gender friendly approach that enhances students’ academic achievement in Biology. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that ELA should be adopted by Biology teachers in schools to foster students’ academic achievement in Biology.
EVALUATION AND PRODUCTION OF LOCAL SPICES USING ALLIUM (GARLIC) AND CURCUMA LONGA (TURMERIC) FOR HOUSEHOLD USAGE OF STAFF OF FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL), ASABA
This study focused on the production and evaluation of a composite spice formulated from garlic (Allium sativum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) in a 1:1 ratio. The aim was to enhance the nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities of locally available spices through blending. The powders were prepared, mixed, and analyzed for proximate composition, phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, sensory attributes, and functional properties using standard laboratory procedures. Results revealed that the blended spice exhibited a balanced proximate composition, including protein (13.40%), fat (1.90%), ash (4.40%), and carbohydrate (68.80%). The coexistence of allicin (1.25 mg/g) and curcumin (1.96 mg/g) in the mixture improved the total phenolic (7.40 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (4.85 mg QE/g) contents, thereby enhancing antioxidant potential. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the blend (68.55%) was intermediate between garlic (61.25%) and turmeric (74.10%), indicating synergistic antioxidant behavior. Sensory evaluation showed that the 1:1 garlic–turmeric blend was the most preferred in color (4.5), aroma (4.6), taste (4.4), and overall acceptability (4.7). Functional property analysis demonstrated moderate bulk density (0.56 g/cm³), good water absorption (103.8%), and oil absorption capacity (89.1%), suggesting enhanced dispersibility and flavor retention. The study concludes that blending garlic and turmeric produces a functionally superior and nutritionally balanced spice with improved antioxidant and sensory qualities. The 1:1 garlic–turmeric blend is therefore recommended for household and commercial applications as a natural seasoning alternative to synthetic additives.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN COMPUTER STUDIES IN AWKA EDUCATION ZONE
The study examined the relationship between perceived social support and secondary school students’ academic achievement in Computer studies in Awka Education Zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. It was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level. The study adopted a correlation research design. The population comprised 6,334 senior secondary two (SS 2) students from all public secondary schools in the zone. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw a sample of 376 SS 2 students. Multi-dimensional Perceived Social Support Scale Questionnaire (MPSSSQ) and students’ first term result on Computer studies for 2024/2025 session which represented their achievement scores in Computer Studies were used for data collection. MPSSSQ was validated by three experts from Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach’s alpha method to be coefficient of 0.89. Data collection was done by direct administration of the questionnaire to the respondents by the researchers and five research assistants. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The findings revealed a moderate positive and significant relationship between perceived social support and academic achievement of secondary school students in Computer Studies. Also, the study revealed that there is a weak positive and significant relationship between perceived social support and academic achievement of secondary school male and female students in Computer Studies, with the relationship being stronger among female students. Based on the findings, the study concluded that students’ perception of social support plays an important role in enhancing their academic achievement in Computer Studies. The study recommended amongst others that Schools, administrators should strengthen support systems by promoting collaborative learning, peer mentoring and teacher-student rapport to enhance students’ sense of belonging and academic engagement in Computer Studies. Parents and guardians should provide consistent emotional and academic encouragement to their children.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS OF BOREHOLE WATER AS AN ENHANCEMENT OF PROPERTY VALUE IN NNEWI NORTH, SOUTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
This study assessed the physico-chemical and heavy metal quality of borehole and surface water sources in Nnewi North, Anambra State, with a focus on implications for public health and property value enhancement. Ten sampling points were selected: Ezekwabo Uruagu (SLA), Miri Eze Stream (SLB), Evo Eatery (SLC), Maria Regina School (SLD), NAUTH (SLE), Ojiofor Specialist Hospital (SLF), Okongwu Memorial Grammar School (SLG), Hope Specialist Hospital (SLH), Chidera Hospital and Maternity (SLI), and Immaculate Heart Hospital and Maternity (SLJ). Water samples were analysed for key physico-chemical indicators, pH, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, and hardness alongside heavy metals including iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and mercury (Hg). Results were benchmarked against WHO and NSDWQ drinking water standards. Most physico-chemical parameters were within acceptable limits; however, elevated turbidity was recorded in several locations, particularly SLB and SLC. Among heavy metals, mercury exceeded permissible limits in all sites except SLG, while iron and cadmium surpassed guideline values in multiple locations, indicating potential geogenic and anthropogenic contamination. These exceedances pose significant health risks, such as kidney toxicity, neurological impairment, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Furthermore, deteriorating water quality was found to negatively influence property desirability, increasing treatment costs and lowering market value in affected communities. The study recommends strengthened groundwater protection policies, routine monitoring, public awareness campaigns, and adoption of affordable purification technologies to safeguard health and support sustainable property value growth in Nnewi North.
ADOPTION OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AMONG NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL STUDENTS
Digital agricultural technologies, such as precision farming tools, mobile apps, and IoT-based systems, hold transformative potential for enhancing agricultural productivity in Nigeria. This study explores the adoption of these technologies among Nigerian agriculture students, focusing on their awareness, engagement, and the challenges hindering effective utilization. A mixed-methods approach was employed, with surveys administered to 270 students of agricultural and agricultural related disciplines across six Nigerian universities and focus group discussions conducted with 22 participants. Results show that 70% of students are aware of digital agricultural technologies, with 58% actively engaging with tools like mobile apps for crop monitoring and market access. Motivations include improved farm efficiency, career prospects, and alignment with global agricultural trends. However, adoption is constrained by limited access to technology (65% cited high costs), inadequate training, unreliable internet connectivity, and minimal integration into curricula. The study recommends incorporating digital agriculture training into academic programs, providing subsidized technology access, and improving rural internet infrastructure. These findings underscore the need for educational and policy interventions to empower Nigerian agriculture students as drivers of technology-driven farming.
ANALYSIS OF THE BIOACTIVE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTENTS OF HERBAL MIXTURES SOLD IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Herbs mixtures form an inseparable part of traditional medicine in Anambra State of Nigeria and are used due to their therapeutic potential and flavonoids and alkaloids compounds properties. However, microbiological contamination caused by unregulated preparation and storage is of great health risk. This paper examines the bioactive and microbiological composition of the 50 herbal mixture products in the markets in Onitsha, Awka and Nnewi in order to determine their safety and therapeutic potentials. Applying High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) as a bioactive analysis medium as well as standard plate count methods to determine microbial loads, the study determines the significant compounds, quantimines the microbial loads and assesses the effects of preparation methods on contamination. Flavonoids and alkaloids were found in a high percentage of the samples (82%), but with respective varying concentrations (0.7-4.5 mg/g). Microbiologically, 58 percent of samples recorded unsafe levels and, Escherichia coli (48%) as well as Staphylococcus aureus 32) were recorded, which can be attributed to poor hygienic practices (r =0.71, p < 0.01). Recommendations comprise unified preparation directions and government controls to make them safer. The results provide information to the stakeholders in public health that favors the Nigerian traditional medicine system and consumer protection.
PARENTAL ACADEMIC PRESSURE AS A PREDICTOR OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TENDENCY TO ENGAGE IN EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
While parents’ high expectations are meant to motivate, what begins as encouragement for academic achievement can, under pressure, drive students into the dark corners of examination malpractice. This study examined the predictive effect of parental academic pressure on senior secondary school students’ tendency to engage in examination malpractice in Edo State, Nigeria. Two research questions and corresponding hypotheses guided the study, tested at 0.05 significance level. A predictive correlational design was adopted. The population comprised 22,701 Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students, from which a sample of 400 was drawn through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected with the Parental Academic Pressure Questionnaire (PAPQ), validated by experts and found reliable with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86. Frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, simple linear regression and moderated multiple regression analyses were employed. Findings showed that parental academic pressure significantly predicted students’ tendency to engage in examination malpractice, although the predictive influence was low, indicating that excessive parental expectations may slightly heighten students’ vulnerability to unethical academic practices. Further analysis revealed a weak increase in the predictive power of parental academic pressure when gender was included in the regression model, implying that gender slightly influenced the relationship, with both male and female students being similarly affected. The study concluded that parental academic pressure contributes modestly to examination malpractice among students. It recommended that parents moderate their expectations to promote holistic development; policymakers de-emphasize grades in favor of integrity and competence; schools foster environments that encourage academic honesty; and students develop self-regulation, effective study habits, and resilience through guidance counselling. Suggestions for further studies were made.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF SNAIL MUCIN ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CANDIDA
This study examined the Comparative Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects of Snail Mucin on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The work was motivated by the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, which has reduced the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and antifungal agents. Snail mucin (Achatina fulica) was extracted and tested using the agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods to assess its inhibitory potential against S. aureus and C. albicans. Results revealed concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity, with the highest inhibition zones at 100% mucin concentration for both organisms. Staphylococcus aureus showed greater susceptibility (22.4 ± 0.5 mm) compared to Candida albicans (19.6 ± 0.3 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 25% for S. aureus and 50% for C. albicans, while the minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were 50% and 75%, respectively. These findings confirm that snail mucin possesses bioactive compounds such as peptides and glycoproteins responsible for broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The study concludes that snail mucin could serve as a natural alternative or complementary therapy in combating resistant bacterial and fungal infections. Further purification and in vivo evaluation of its active constituents are recommended.
INFORMATION NEEDS AND SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF STUDENT OF CENDASNER IN NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY AWKA.
The study determined information needs and information seeking behavior of students of CENDASNER in Nnamdi Azikiwe university Awka. Four research questions guided the research the study adopted case study research design. The population of the study was made up of 50 students with disabilities in CENDASNER in Nnamdi Azikiwe university Awka, no sampling technique was adopted for the study because the number was manageable. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire, data was analyzed using descriptive statistics percentage and mean scores. The findings of the study revealed the information needs of students of CENDASNER were physical accessibility of resources, availability of materials, educational and among others. The information seeking behavior of students of CENDASNER were that they prefer to seek academic-related information from university websites or online portals, among others. The challenges that hinder information needs and information seeking behavior of students of CENDASNER in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka were that they struggle to find learning materials or university resources in accessible formats among others. The solutions to the challenges that hinder information seeking behavior of students of CENDASNER is that the university should provide learning materials in multiple accessible formats among others. The study recommended the university should establish a dedicated disability resource center that provides easy access to essential learning materials.
SELF-REGULATION STRATEGIES AS PREDICTORS OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY IN AWKA EDUCATION ZONE
The study examined self-regulation strategies as a predictor of senior secondary school students’ academic achievement in Biology in Awka Education Zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. The research was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The study adopted a predictive correlation research design. The population of the study comprised 3890 senior secondary two (SS 2) students from all the public secondary schools in the zone offering Biology. Multi-stage sampling procedures was used to draw a sample of 389 from the population. The instruments for data collection are Biology Self-Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (BSRSQ), while 2024/2025 Promotion results in Biology was used as students’ achievement scores. The instrument, BSRSQ, was validated by three experts, from Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach's alpha, with coefficient of 0.86. Data were collected through the direct administration of questionnaires to the respondents by the researcher, assisted by five research assistants. The data collected were analysed with simple and multiple linear regression analyses. The findings of the study revealed that self-regulation strategies have a weak positive predictive value on senior secondary school students’ academic achievement in Biology. Furthermore, the study found that Individual dimensions of self-regulation strategies have a strong positive and significant predictive value on senior secondary school students’ academic achievement in Biology. The study also showed that Self-regulation strategies have a weak positive predictive value on academic achievement in Biology for both male and female senior secondary school students, with a stronger predictive value for females. Based on the findings, the study concluded that self-regulation strategies play a meaningful, though varying, and role in enhancing students’ academic achievement in Biology, with notable gender differences favouring females. The study recommended amongst others that teachers should incorporate explicit self-regulation strategy training such as goal setting, self-monitoring, and self-evaluation into Biology instruction to enhance students’ academic achievement. Gender-sensitive interventions should be developed to support both male and female students in optimizing their use of self-regulation strategies for improved academic performance in Biology.
EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING METHOD ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY
The study investigated the effect of problem-based learning method (PBLM) on secondary school students’ academic achievement in electrochemistry in Anambra State, Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were posited and tested at 0.05 level of significant. A quasi-experimental, specifically pretest posttest non-equivalent control group design was adopted. The population comprised 5057 Senior Secondary two (SS 2) chemistry students in public secondary schools in Awka education zone of Anambra state. A sample size of 88 SS 2 chemistry students from two intact classes of two school were selected for the study using purposive and simple random sampling technique. The experimental group was instructed via Problem-based learning method (PBLM) while the control group was taught using conventional lecture method (CLM). Electrochemistry Achievement Test (EAT) was used as instrument for data collection. Reliability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained for EAT using Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20). Mean and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that students exposed to PBLM had a higher mean achievement score than those taught with the CLM in their posttest. The study also revealed that there is no significant difference in the mean achievement scores between male and female students taught electrochemistry using PBLM. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that chemistry teachers incorporate PBLM into their instructional practices to promote meaningful learning of electrochemistry concept, as it yielded better learning outcomes than the lecture-based method.
INFORMATION NEEDS, ACCESS AND USE BY LEGAL PRACTITIONERS IN ANAMBRA STATE JUDICIARY LIBRARY
This research examined the Information needs, access and use by legal practitioners in Anambra state Judiciary library. research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study comprised of 121 legal practitioners in Anambra state judiciary library. No sampling technique was used. The main instruments for data collection were a checklist and questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean scores. The study found that the majority of the legal information resources were available in Anambra State judiciary library, Awka. The Information needs of legal practitioners in Anambra state judiciary library are international legal information, criminal and constitutional legal information, and legal matters concerning rights of citizens, etc. The extent of information access by legal practitioners in Anambra state judiciary library was high. The study concludes that the information needs of legal practitioner are paramount and important in their services and task in the various law firms, courts and bars. The availability of these legal information resources will enable their access to these legal information resources which will support their task
EFFECTIVENESS OF PRACTICAL ACCOUNTING TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study examines the efficacies of the practical accounting training programmes of secondary school students in Anambra State in Nigeria to fill the gap between academic accounting education and financial literacy in the real world. The research examines the effect of hands-on training on students in terms of their knowledge in accounting, barriers to its implementation, perception of the teachers, and students of this approach. The design was that of a mixed methodology, with pre-and post-test design, based on the West African Examination Council (WAEC) syllabus, interviews with the teachers, focus group discussions (FGD) with students and questionnaires. The sample of the research consisted of 120 students and 20 teachers in six secondary school in Anambra State. Results showed that there was also a significant increase in accounting skills among the students (p < 0.05), with the mean post-test score being 78% up to 52% during pre-test. There were positive reports about practical training but the teachers revealed issues related to shortages of resources and insufficient training. Students gave positive responses on hands-on learning (85%). Some of the key obstacles are a lack of funding, outdated material and very few teaching aids. The paper suggests reform of the curriculum, education of teachers and more funding to develop practical education in accounting. Research findings can be put into place to help in aligning the secondary education to the economic needs of Anambra, including financial literacy and entrepreneurial expertise. To recommend these reforms, we prepared a policy brief that we handed over to the Anambra State Ministry of Education.
LOCUS OF CONTROL AS A PREDICTOR OF LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF CHUKWUEMEKA ODUMEGWU OJUKWU UNIVERSITY, ANAMBRA STATE
The study investigated locus of control as a predictor of life satisfaction among undergraduate students of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study adopted correlational design. Three hundred and ten undergraduates were selected through stratified random sampling across three faculties. The Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were administered. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple regression statistics. Findings revealed that locus of control predicted life satisfaction (3.08, p < 0.05), internal locus of control predicted life satisfaction (2.92, p < 0.05), while external locus of control negatively predicted life satisfaction (-2.03, p < 0.05). The study concluded that students with an internal orientation are more likely to experience higher life satisfaction. Encouraging internal orientation may enhance students’ life satisfaction and academic engagement.
BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF BIOMEDICAL EVALUATION OF COPPER AND MAGNESIUM NANOPARTICLES USING ENTEROCOCCUS GALLINARIUM FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AND WOUND HEALING APPLICATIONS
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and the prevalence of chronic wounds have intensified the search for alternative therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the biological synthesis of copper and magnesium nanoparticles using Enterococcus gallinarum and evaluated their antimicrobial and wound-healing potentials. Bacterial extracts were incubated with copper (II) nitrate and magnesium chloride solutions, resulting in visible color changes indicative of nanoparticle formation. Characterization using UV–Visible spectroscopy revealed surface plasmon resonance peaks at 420 nm for copper nanoparticles and 360 nm for magnesium nanoparticles, confirming successful synthesis. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis identified functional groups such as O–H, C–H, C=O, and C–N, which likely acted as reducing and stabilizing agents. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion method. Copper nanoparticles demonstrated higher inhibition zones compared to magnesium nanoparticles, while the combined formulation exhibited the greatest antimicrobial effect. Wound-healing potential was evaluated in adult mice, with measurements taken over 14 days. Results showed accelerated wound contraction in nanoparticle-treated groups, with combined copper and magnesium nanoparticles achieving 98% wound closure by day 14, surpassing individual treatments and controls. These findings highlight the effectiveness of biologically synthesized copper and magnesium nanoparticles in inhibiting microbial growth and promoting tissue regeneration. The study supports the potential application of such nanoparticles as safe, biocompatible alternatives for managing infections and enhancing wound repair.
EFFECT OF USE OF 7E’S INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH BLENDED WITH COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ON CHEMISTRY STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
This study investigated the effect of the 7E instructional approach blended with collaborative learning on senior secondary school students’ achievement in Chemistry in the Enugu Education Zone, Enugu State. Two null hypotheses guided the study. A pretest–posttest non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design was employed. The sample comprised 283 Senior Secondary II Chemistry students selected through purposive and simple random sampling from four coeducational schools. The schools were assigned to experimental and control groups, with two intact classes per school randomly designated as either experimental or control. The experimental groups received instruction using the 7E instructional approach blended with collaborative learning, while the control groups were taught using the lecture method. Both groups were taught Chemical Equilibrium by their regular Chemistry teachers. Data were collected using the Chemical Equilibrium Achievement Test (CEAT), validated by three experts, and found reliable with a coefficient of .81 using Kuder Richardson Formular (KR-20). The null hypotheses were tested using analysis of covariance at the .05 significance level. Results indicated that the blended 7E approach significantly improved students’ achievement compared to the lecture method. Gender had no significant effect on achievement. It is recommended that government agencies and professional bodies, such as the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria, organize training to equip teachers with these methods.
IMPACT OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS ON AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN ANAMBRA STATE
ABSTRACT Farmer Field Schools (FFS) have become a key tool in exchanging agricultural knowledge especially to the rural women who play an important role in the agricultural sector of Nigeria. This paper will look at the effectiveness of FFS in regards to knowledge sharing to rural women in Anambra State, Nigeria with respect to how much it builds skills, the factors that enhance knowledge among farmers and the positive and negative aspects with regard to adopting it as perceived by rural women. A mixed methodology was implemented to collect data in 120 female FFS participants, 30 facilitators and 15 extension officers in six FFS sites in the three senatorial zones of Anambra state. The quantitative methodology, conducted with the help of SPSS, showed that there were significant changes in enhancing the technical skill of women and incorporating modern practices, whereas qualitative results conducted during focus group discussions, by means of NVivo, showed barriers that included low access to resources and certain cultural limits. Results show that FFS are highly effective in knowledge transfer but there is need to incorporate gender-responsive strategies to curb the participation barrier. Recommendations are focused training and better access to resources in order to maximize FFS effects. This research presents a policy and practice contribution towards gender-equitable agricultural productivity in Nigeria.
SELF-EFFICACY AS PREDICTOR OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN CHEMISTRY
The study examined self-efficacy SE as predictor of secondary school students’ achievement in Chemistry in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study while two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level. The correlation survey design was adopted. The population of the study comprised 16,590 senior secondary two students offering Chemistry in all the public secondary schools in Anambra State. The sample size of this study consists of 964 senior secondary school two Chemistry students drawn from 113 co-education secondary schools out of the 263 public secondary schools in Anambra State. The sample was drawn using multi-stage sampling procedure. Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) adapted from Abdul Gafoor and Mohammed academic self-efficacy scale (2006) and average termly Chemistry scores from teachers’ grade book for 2024/2025 academic session from the sampled schools were used as instruments for data collection. The instruments were validated by two lecturers from the Department of Science Education and one lecturer in Measurement and Evaluation, Department of Educational Foundations all from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instruments were established using Cronbach alpha method. The reliability coefficient of ASES was found to be 0.88. The data was collected using ASES and average termly Chemistry scores from teachers’ grade book. Coefficient r and R2 were used to answer research question while linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings from the results revealed that there is low positive predictive value of SE on secondary school students’ achievement in Chemistry which is significant. The moderating influence of gender on secondary school students SE in prediction their achievement in Chemistry is low, positive and significant. From the findings it was concluded that SE modestly and positively predict secondary students’ achievement in Chemistry and gender acting as a moderating factor that also enhances these relationships. From the conclusion recommended was made.
IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP-FOCUSED BUSINESS EDUCATION ON SME DEVELOPMENT IN ANAMBRA STATE’S COMMERCIAL HUBS
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play important roles in the economy of Nigeria and notably in the commercial centres of Anambra State, namely, Onitsha, Nnewi, and Awka. Notwithstanding their importance, SMEs experience the problem of low managerial competencies and lack of scalability, which adds to high rates of failure. It is observed that entrepreneurship-oriented business education has also been billed to be a means of improving the performance, as trained entrepreneur is supposed to have chances of identifying opportunities, risk management, and innovation. This paper assesses how this kind of education has contributed to growth of SMEs in commercial centers of Anambra. Mixed methods were used where 230 SME owners and managers participated in the survey and provided information further in interviews. The results reveal that entrepreneurship education can enhance profitability, job creation, and innovation greatly, however, certain barriers including outdated curriculum, and a lack of practical exposure are reasons why it cannot do so. Policy recommendations are given to improve the design and delivery of entrepreneurship education to SME growth.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND AWARENESS: A PAN-SOCIETAL FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT
The intensification of global environmental pollution, climate-associated risks, and ecological-knowledge decline highlights the need for inclusive environmental literacy frameworks capable of shaping sustainability behaviour. Although environmental awareness initiatives have expanded internationally, many developing societies, including Nigeria, continue to operate fragmented or symbolic environmental-education models with weak knowledge-to-practice translation. Anchored on behavioural learning and intention-action theory, this review synthesises empirical evidence supporting environmental literacy progression through the K-A-P (Knowledge → Attitude → Practice) continuum and comparative insights from European and Asian environmental-education institutional architectures. Findings affirm that environmental behaviour is adopted more durably when literacy is introduced early in curricula, socially modelled in communal learning spaces, and reinforced cyclically through institutions and community-of-practice clusters rather than linear or sporadic campaigns. The paper further identifies systemic gaps in community feedback, occupational literacy penetration, and enforcement-education coherence while proposing the imperative for cyclical learning frameworks that empower communities in environmental stewardship. The review concludes that environmental sustainability depends on behaviourally engineered, inclusive, feedback-driven systems where schools, occupation clusters, communities, and environmental accountability institutions function as co-actors in reinforcement cycles. The article contributes a holistic pan-societal sustainability-education position relevant to policy and community empowerment research.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITIONS OF PLANTAIN AND BANANA PEELS: A POTENTIAL ADDITIVE TO ANIMAL FEED
Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) and banana (Musa spp.) are widely cultivated tropical fruits that generate significant quantities of peels, often discarded as waste. These peels, constituting 30–45 % of fruit mass, represent a potential source of nutrients for livestock feed. This study evaluated the proximate composition of dried plantain and banana peels to assess their suitability as alternative feed ingredients. Samples were collected locally, washed, air-dried, and analyzed for moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content following standard AOAC methods. Results showed that plantain peels contained 72.19 % carbohydrates, 8.80 % crude fibre, 4.58 % protein, 3.12 % fat, 7.81 % ash, and 3.50 % moisture, while banana peels contained 70.35 % carbohydrates, 8.51 % crude fibre, 7.47 % protein, 2.01 % fat, 6.66 % ash, and 5.00 % moisture. Statistical comparison using independent t-tests indicated significant differences in all parameters (p < 0.05). Plantain peels were richer in carbohydrates, fibre, fat, and minerals, whereas banana peels contained higher protein and moisture. These findings suggest that both peel types can serve as cost-effective, locally available feed supplements, with potential to reduce dependency on conventional feedstuffs, enhance nutrient intake, and mitigate agro-waste disposal issues. Inclusion in livestock diets should consider balancing energy, protein, and mineral content to optimize animal performance.
PERCEIVED RELEVANCE OF UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN EQUIPPING GRADUATES WITH EMPLOYMENT SKILLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study examined how technology education university graduates in Anambra State rated the curriculum’s effectiveness in preparing them with employment skills for initial jobs, including teamwork, communication, critical thinking, IT proficiency, problem-solving, leadership, and resource management. Anchored on Lindley’s (1996) Labour Market Theory, which emphasizes the role of education in improving labour market efficiency, the study adopted a descriptive research design to investigate graduates’ skill acquisition and employers’ perceptions for curriculum improvement. The population comprised 195 graduates (2010/2011–2019/2020) from Nnamdi Azikiwe University’s Department of Technology and Vocational Education, using a census sampling method. Data were collected via a validated and reliable Employment Skill Scale questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 25 with descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that graduates perceived the curriculum as largely effective in developing personal attributes, communication abilities, and digital competencies, though some variability existed in specialized technical skills. Conclusions affirmed the curriculum’s general success in fostering workforce readiness but highlighted the need for targeted enhancements in technical domains. Recommendations included curriculum reviews to strengthen specialized skills, increased practical and industry-aligned training, integration of soft and technical skills in programme design, stronger university–industry collaboration, provision of internships and mentorships, and continuous professional development opportunities. The study reinforced the importance of a balanced curriculum combining technical expertise with critical thinking, problem-solving, and interpersonal skills to meet evolving labour market demands.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING IN ENHANCING SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
This research assesses the efficacy of using inquiry-based learning (IBL) in developing science process skills in students of Senior 2 in Anambra State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental design was used whereby 200 students and 20 science teachers in four secondary (two urban in Awka and two rural in Nnewi). The intervention group were trained on IBL and the control group taught using the traditional teaching methods. Data were gathered by means of science process skills assessment tests, teacher survey, and student focus groups interviews and were analyzed via SPSS utilizing t-tests and ANOVA of the quantitative data as well as NVivo of the qualitative data. Findings show that, skills specifically observing, hypothesizing, and analysing data in the IBL group improved significantly relative to the control group. Limiting factors to IBL implementation are poor teacher preparation and staffing limitations and the encouraging factors are student interests and school administrative support. The research provides the framework of how IBL can be incorporated into the science curriculum and gives policy recommendations on how quality of science education can be improved. These results can be used in the national endeavor to enhance student readiness to scientific career and economic growth.
INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL MARKETING COMPETENCIES ON ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the digital marketing competencies on entrepreneurial performance of women entrepreneurs in southeast Nigeria. Specifically, the study seeks to ascertain the influence of social media marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), content marketing, and email marketing, competencies on entrepreneurial performance of women entrepreneurs in Southeast Nigeria. Based on a survey research design, data was collected from a cross-section of 265 women entrepreneurs across the five southeast states. Five hypotheses were stated and tested using structural equation modelling via AMOS v. 23. The result showed that social media marketing, email marketing, search engine marketing, and digital advertising competencies have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial performance of women entrepreneurs in Southeast Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that women entrepreneurs should deliberately integrate platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp into their business strategies. Beyond casual posting, entrepreneurs should adopt advanced practices such as paid advertising, analytics, and customer engagement campaigns to maximize impact. They should also adopt email automation tools to send personalized messages, promotional offers, and newsletters to customers; and be encouraged to learn basic SEO techniques, such as optimizing websites for keywords, and to explore affordable pay-per-click campaigns. Social media, email, search engines, and advertising competencies significantly contribute to performance, reflecting the increasing centrality of digital tools in entrepreneurial ecosystems.
EFFECT OF GUIDED INQUIRY IN STRUCTIONAL METHOD ON STUDENTS’ RETENTION IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
Social Studies is one of the core school subjects at the basic education level in Nigeria which is expected to contribute significantly to national development if effectively taught. This study examined the effect of guided inquiry instructional method of teaching on students’ retention in Social Studies in Anambra State. The study was guided by two research questions and three hypotheses. This study was a quasi-experimental research design using 2 x 2 factorial non-randomized pre-test, double post-test control group type. The target population for this study comprised all Junior Secondary School year two (JS2) Social studies students numbering 28,381 in Anambra State. The sample size for this study comprised 96 JSS2 students (54 females and 42 males) from two public secondary schools in Anambra State from two different education zone. One public school with an intact Class of 48 students (27 females and 21 males) serve as experimental group, while the other school with an intact class of 48 (students, 25 females and 23 males) serve as control group. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. The instrument for data collection was the Social Studies Achievement Test (SSAT) developed by the researcher. Mean and standard deviation scores were used to answer the research questions, while the null hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results show that Guided Inquiry instructional method (GIIM) was also more effective in improving the retention of students in Social Studies than the conventional lecture instructional method (CLM). There was also a significant interaction effect of teaching methods and gender on retention of students in Social Studies. Based on the above findings, the researcher recommends among others that opportunities for functional learning could be provided in the curriculum through the use of Guided Inquiry Instructional Method (GIIM).
EMOTIONAL SELF-AWARENESS AND INTEREST AS PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BIOLOGY IN AWKA EDUCATION ZONE
The study examined emotional self-awareness and interest as predictors of academic achievement of secondary school students in Biology in Awka Education Zone, Anambra State. Three research questions guided the study and three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a correlation research design. The population of the study comprised 3891 senior secondary school two (SS 2) students from all the public secondary schools in the zone. 389 senior secondary school students were sampled from the population using multi-stage sampling procedures. Biology Self-Awareness Assessment Scale (BSAAS), Biology Interest Scale (BIS) and cumulative result scores in Biology for 2024/2025 academic session, were used for data collection. The instruments were validated by three experts from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instruments was established using Cronbach's alpha method, yielding a coefficient of 0.83 for BSEQ and 0.73 for BIS. Data collection involved the direct administration of the questionnaires to respondents by the researcher and five research assistants. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were employed for the analysis of the data collected. The findings of the study revealed that emotional self-awareness was found to have a weak positive and significant prediction on the academic achievement of students, also, interest demonstrated a weak positive and significant prediction on academic achievement of students. Furthermore, emotional self-awareness and interest jointly have a high positive and significant prediction on the academic achievement of secondary school students in Biology. Based on the findings, the study concluded that emotional self-awareness and interest are important psychological factors that significantly influences the academic achievement of secondary school students in Biology. It was recommended amongst others that students should be encouraged to build emotional self-awareness and interest in Biology by engaging in self-directed learning activities, setting realistic academic goals, and celebrating small academic successes to boost their confidence and motivation. Also, school administrators should organize capacity-building programs for teachers on how to integrate emotional self-awareness strategies into classroom practice, while also providing conducive learning environments that promote emotional stability and academic achievement.
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE AND CONSCIENTIOUSNESS DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AS CORRELATES OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH LANGUGE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study utilized correlational research design to examine openness to experience and conscientiousness dimensions of personality traits as correlates of secondary school students’ academic achievement in English language in Anambra State. Two research questions and two corresponding hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population consisted of 10,436 Senior Secondary School Two (SS II) students across the six education zones in Anambra State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw 600 students from the population who served as the sample of the study. Two sets of questionnaires were used to collect data for the study including ‘Personality Inventory (PI), and Students’ Academic Achievement in English language. ‘Personality Inventory (PI) was validated by experts and subjected to reliability testing. A Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.73 was obtained, indicating good internal consistency. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to answer the research questions, while regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed a low but significant positive correlation between Openness to experience with academic achievement in English Language. Conscientiousness showed a moderate and significant positive correlation with English Language achievement. The researchers recommend among others that teachers should incorporate more creative, inquiry-based, and exploration-driven learning activities—such as debates, project-based tasks, and exposure to diverse literary texts—to stimulate students’ curiosity and openness.