UNIZIK JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, SCIENCE AND VOCATIONAL STUDIES
UJERSVOCS UNIZIK JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, SCIENCE AND VOCATIONAL STUDIES Editorial Policy UJERSVOCS is based in the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Authors are to visit the Journal website: https://ujersvocs.org to register and submit their manuscripts. The Journal publications shall be both online and off-line. Publication shall be both regular and special. UJERSVOCSRegular Publication: This shall be published twice in a year: January-June and July-December. Unlike Special Publications, authors shall pay publication fees for Regular Publication. UJERSVOCSSpecial Publication: This shall be published once in a year or once in two years. Special Publications shall be sponsored publications. Unlike Regular Publications, authors shall not pay publication fees for Special Publication. Authors are to visit https://ujersvocs.org to register and submit their manuscripts. Alternatively, the manuscript can be E-mailed directly through: ujersvocs@gmail.com Policy on Printing of Hard Copies There shall be no printing of hard copies of UJERSVOCS regular publications by UJERSVOCS Editorial Board. In order to assist contributors have printed or hard copies of the journal, all sufficient information about each volume of the journal such as the journal cover and table of contents and other preliminary information will be uploaded online for interested contributors to download and print accordingly.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE PROXIMATE, PHYTOCHEMICALS AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF GINGER AND TURMERIC CULTIVATED IN ANAMBRA AND ADAMAWA STATES OF NIGERIA
This study evaluated the proximate composition, phytochemical constituents, and mineral contents of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) cultivated in Anambra and Adamawa States of Nigeria. Standard analytical methods were employed to determine proximate parameters (moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, protein, and carbohydrate), phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and glycosides), and selected minerals (zinc, potassium, iron, and magnesium). The results showed that turmeric had significantly higher carbohydrate content (67.41–68.28%) compared to ginger (41.10–43.00%), indicating its higher energy value. Ginger, however, exhibited higher crude fiber (15.70–20.00%) and fat content (15.55–16.00%). Phytochemical analysis revealed that ginger contained higher levels of alkaloids (12.00–15.23 mg/100g), flavonoids (10.81–11.00 mg/100g), and phenols (4.00–5.07 mg/100g), suggesting stronger antioxidant and medicinal properties. Both samples contained appreciable amounts of saponins, tannins, and glycosides. Mineral analysis indicated that potassium was the most abundant element in both samples, with ginger having higher values (705.53–711.60 mg/100g), while turmeric recorded higher magnesium content (240.50–241.03 mg/100g). Iron and zinc were present in moderate concentrations. Variations observed between samples from Anambra and Adamawa States were attributed to differences in environmental and soil conditions. In conclusion, both ginger and turmeric are rich sources of nutrients, phytochemicals, and essential minerals, making them valuable for nutritional and medicinal purposes. However, ginger demonstrated higher phytochemical and fiber content, while turmeric was richer in carbohydrates and certain minerals. These findings highlight the importance of these spices as functional foods and support their wider utilization.
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OPTIMIZATION OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGNS USING LOCALLY SOURCED AGGREGATES IN ANAMBRA STATE: A FRAMEWORK FOR SAFE AND COST-EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION
This study investigates the optimization of concrete mix designs using locally sourced aggregates from Anambra State, Nigeria, with the aim of developing a framework for safe, durable, and cost-effective construction. Considering that aggregates constitute a significant proportion of concrete and greatly influence its performance, the research evaluates the suitability of selected sedimentary rock aggregates obtained from Umunya, Nsugbe, Ogbunka, Nkwelle Ezunaka, and Aguleri. Concrete specimens were produced and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days to assess their structural performance. The results revealed variations in aggregate quality and concrete strength across the sampled locations. Although all concrete samples exhibited progressive strength development with curing age, the maximum 28-day compressive strength achieved was 15.90 N/mm² using aggregates from Ogbunka, while lower strengths were recorded for the other locations. These values fell below the minimum strength requirement for structural high-strength concrete as specified by relevant standards. However, the findings provide valuable insights into the performance limitations and potential applications of locally sourced aggregates in conventional concrete production. The study proposes a framework for optimizing concrete mix designs through careful aggregate selection, material characterization, and mix proportion adjustments to enhance performance while minimizing construction costs. The research contributes to sustainable construction practices by promoting the effective utilization of local materials and providing guidance for engineers, contractors, and policymakers in achieving safe and economical concrete construction in Anambra State and similar environments.
VIRTUAL REALITY AND AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION: A CROSS-DISCIPLINARY MODEL FOR TEACHING MATHEMATICS
The integration of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies has revolutionized pedagogical practices by providing immersive, interactive learning environments that address longstanding challenges in abstract concept comprehension. This article presents the development, implementation, and evaluation of a cross-disciplinary model that embeds VR and AR applications within computer science education to enhance mathematics instruction. Conducted in two public universities in Lagos State, Nigeria, the study involved 80 second-year undergraduate computer science students and 8 lecturers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating pre- and post-intervention assessments of mathematical proficiency and computer science skills, classroom observations, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in students’ conceptual understanding, engagement, and interdisciplinary competence. The validated model, termed the VR-AR Math-CS Integration Framework, offers practical lesson plans and tools that bridge theoretical mathematics with applied computer science domains such as algorithms, data structures, and visualization. Lecturers reported enhanced pedagogical efficacy, while qualitative data highlighted increased student motivation and reduced abstraction barriers. Findings contribute to technology-enhanced education in resource-constrained contexts and provide actionable recommendations for scaling immersive technologies in Nigerian higher education. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
IMPACT OF VIRTUAL ASSISTANTS ON KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES: A RAPID REVIEW
The purpose of this study is to provide a rapid review of the impact of Virtual Assistants (Vas) on knowledge dissemination among undergraduate students. Several academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched to find relevant literature for this rapid review. The search employed controlled vocabularies along with carefully selected keywords to ensure comprehensive coverage of the topic. Key terms included “Virtual Assistants,” “Knowledge Dissemination,” “Educational Technology,” “Personalized Learning,” “Student Engagement,” and “E-Learning.” Using the PRISMA framework, the initial pool of 150 records was screened and narrowed down to a final sample of 7 landmark studies for thematic synthesis. The findings reveal that virtual assistants significantly enhance students’ access to educational resources by bypassing traditional technical roadblocks. When structured properly, interactive digital systems correlate with higher academic performance, though human oversight remains essential to protect deep critical processing skills. Additionally, personalized support from virtual assistants targets individual knowledge gaps to foster engagement, while the deployment process faces structural hurdles including user resistance, technical discrepancies, and data privacy concerns. It was concluded that virtual assistants play a crucial role in enhancing knowledge dissemination and student engagement in educational contexts when balanced with faculty support. It was recommended that educators integrate these technologies effectively through professional development to maximize pedagogical benefits while addressing potential challenges.
ASSESSING OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF THE INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
This study examines the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating digital technologies into Vocational and Technical Education (VTE), with a particular focus on stakeholder perspectives in Nigeria. Adopting a survey research design, data were collected from 60 respondents comprising technical teachers and Ministry of Education staff in Adamawa State. Findings reveal that, digital technologies—such as virtual simulations, online learning platforms, and artificial intelligence—significantly enhance VTE by improving access to learning resources, enabling flexible and remote learning, supporting personalized instruction, and strengthening industry alignment. Both respondent groups strongly agreed on these benefits, with no statistically significant difference in their perceptions. Despite these advantages, the study identified major challenges hindering effective integration, including inadequate infrastructure, high implementation costs, limited digital literacy, and resistance to change. These barriers were similarly acknowledged by both teachers and policymakers. Teacher preparedness emerged as a critical factor influencing successful adoption, as it enhances confidence, reduces resistance, and improves instructional delivery and student outcomes. The study further highlights key strategies for optimizing digital integration, including investment in infrastructure, continuous teacher training, development of industry-relevant digital content, adoption of blended learning approaches, and strengthened institutional and policy support. The findings underscore the importance of collaborative efforts between educators and policymakers in achieving sustainable digital transformation in VTE.
FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST THE EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF BIOLOGY EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ONITSHA EDUCATION ZONE OF ANAMBRA STATE
This study investigated the factors militating against the effective teaching and learning of biology education in Senior Secondary Schools in Onitsha Education Zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. The effective teaching and learning of biology hold a crucial position in equipping students with the prerequisite knowledge and skills necessary for careers in science and related disciplines like medicine, pharmacy, biotechnology, genetics, nursing and environmental science. Understanding the significance of the impacts of the factors militating against the effective teaching and learning of the subject Biology and how to overcome them is very important. The study used descriptive research design with well-constructed questionnaires to collect data from respondents. Forty (40) teachers were selected through purposive sampling techniques while four hundred and sixty, ,( 460) students were selected through stratified random sampling technique .The data collected was analyzed using crombach and chi-square statistical methods. The research found out that the teaching of Biology plays a pivotal and significant role for students pursuing careers in science and healthcare related disciplines. The result of the research carried out showed some of the factors militating against the effective teaching and learning of biology education in senior secondary schools in Onitsha Education Zone, which are; insufficiency in the number of qualified teachers, bulky curriculum, lack of integration of ICT, inconducive learning environment, poor learning environment and lack of practical activities. Therefore, there is need for recruiting of sufficient qualified teachers and teachers training and professional development opportunities for effective biology teaching coupled with provision of conducive environment with well-equipped laboratory and instructional materials. Students need meaningful engagement and a keen interest in biology and biology teaching and learning process. It is important to pay attention to the classroom facilities, laboratory apparatus and incorporation of ICT (virtual laboratories) to facilitate effective teaching and learning of biology education in secondary schools in Onitsha Education Zone of Anambra State.
ETHICAL, LEGAL AND PROFESSIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION PRACTICE
The study examined the ethical, legal, and professional implications of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in library and information practice, focusing on librarians in Nigerian tertiary institutions. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using multistage sampling, with 220 questionnaires distributed and 215 correctly completed and returned (97.7% response rate). Data were collected with a validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha 0.79) and analysed using SPSS for frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Findings showed high awareness that GAI raises ethical concerns (mean 3.96) and moderate to high understanding of ethical risks such as bias, misinformation, copyright, and privacy (means 3.64–3.53), although overall perceived knowledge remained limited (3.21). Librarians strongly agreed that GAI may mislead users, undermine academic integrity, and perpetuate bias (means up to 3.95), and expressed concerns about critical thinking and fairness. Legal worries centred on plagiarism (3.97), data privacy (3.89), and uncertain ownership of AI-generated outputs (3.54). Professionally, respondents anticipated significant changes to roles (3.67), recognised the need for new competencies such as AI literacy (4.06), and believed GAI could enhance effectiveness under clear guidelines (3.98). However, governance was perceived as weak, with low mean scores for institutional AI policies, library-specific guidelines, and oversight structures (mean = 2.5). The study concludes that librarians are aware of both the risks and opportunities of GAI but operate in contexts with inadequate governance and support. It recommends investment in AI literacy, development of clear policies and governance frameworks, and active involvement of librarians in shaping responsible GAI use in library information practice.
EXTENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY PRACTICES IN BIOLOGY LABORATORY AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
The study investigated the extent of implementation of safety practices among senior Secondary Schools in Enugu South Local Government Area of Enugu State. Four research questions guided the study. The design of the study was a descriptive survey research. The area of the study is Enugu South Local Government Area. The population of the study consisted 256,480 students and 11,117 Biology teachers.75 Biology students and 25 Biology teachers were sampled. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers titled Extent of Implementation of Safety Practices in Biology Laboratory Questionnaire (EISPBQ). The findings revealed that elements of laboratory design, safety equipment availability, and laboratory assistance showed moderate compliance, significant deficiencies persist. Poor laboratory isolation, inadequate safety materials, unqualified personnel, and weak enforcement of safety rules collectively undermine safety standards. The low level of students’ adherence to safety practices further exacerbates risks, indicating an urgent need for improved facilities, adequate resources, trained personnel, and stricter enforcement of safety regulations. From the findings conclusions and recommendations were made.
INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL OF MICROBIAL BASED FORMULATIONS IN MAINTAINING ORAL HEALTH AND CONTROLLING HALITOSIS
Halitosis and oral malodor significantly impaired social interactions and psychological wellbeing, yet conventional management relied heavily on chemical agents which caused dry mouth, toxicity, microbiome disruption, and environmental pollution. Despite growing interest in natural alternatives, limited empirical data existed on microbial-based formulations combining probiotics, prebiotics, and oral commensals for halitosis control. This study therefore investigated the potential of a microbial-based supplement in maintaining oral health and controlling halitosis. Oral swab samples were collected from healthy individuals, and isolates were obtained and characterized appropriately. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus salivarius were identified, and a supplement was formulated with lyophilized strains, inulin, and micronutrients. Microbial quality was assessed by total bacterial, coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella-Shigella, and fungal counts. Antihalitosis efficacy was evaluated in vivo over 21 days with 120 participants divided into supplement, sodium chlorite, and chlorhexidine groups. Results showed that the supplement contained 2.89 ± 0.01 log CFU/g total bacteria with no detectable pathogens or fungi. After 21 days, the supplement eliminated high and medium halitosis in all cases, leaving 118 participants normal and 2 with low halitosis, compared to 106 and 100 normal participants in the sodium chlorite and chlorhexidine groups respectively. Chi-square and ANOVA revealed significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05), with the supplement demonstrating superior efficacy. The study concluded that the microbial-based formulation was safe, effective, and superior to chemical agents for halitosis management. It contributed to knowledge by providing evidence for probiotic-prebiotic oral supplements as sustainable alternatives to synthetic antimicrobials.
INTEREST AS PREDICTOR OF NIGERIAN POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS
The study investigated interest as predictor of Nigerian polytechnic students’ performance in Mathematics. Correlational survey research design was adopted. Population was 462 National Diploma one students offering basic mathematics course. Sample of 211 students who completed the questionnaire was obtained using Krejcie and Morgan table. Instrument for data collection was Students Interest in Mathematics Questionnaire (SIMQ). Validity of the SIMQ was ascertained by experts in Mathematics Education. Reliability coefficient of 0.76 was obtained for SIMQ using Cronbach’s alpha. Finding revealed a significant positive relationship between interest and students’ performance in mathematics. Adjusted R Square 0.79 indicated interest contributes about 79% to students’ performance in mathematics. Additional result of the study indicates interest at t-value of 21.7 at p, 0.000 significantly predicts students’ performance in mathematics. The study recommends school authorities to devising means of boosting students interest considering it positive influence on academic performance in mathematics.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INSULIN LEVEL AND CATALASE (CAT) ACTIVITY OF SOME SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ)-INDUCED DIABETIC MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS.
This work comparatively assessed the insulin level and catalase (CAT) activity of the leaf extracts of Musa paradisiaca (MP) (plantain) peels, Gongronema latifolium (GLE) (utazi), and Vernonia amygdalina (VA) (bitter leaf). Acute toxicity test was performed on twenty-four male Wistar rats using modified of Lorke D. method as there was no mortality death ratio. Seventy-five male rats were randomly assigned into 15 groups of 5 rats per group. Diabetes was induced in group 2-15 by intraperitoneal administration of 60mg/kg by weight (BW) of streptozotocin (STZ) while group 1 was the normal control, group 2 and 3 were treated with normal saline and 500mg/kg of metformin respectively. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with 200, 400 and 600mg/kg of M. paradisiaca peels (MPPE) respectively. Groups 7, 8 and 9 were treated with 200, 400 and 600mg/kg doses of G. latifolium (GLE) extracts. Groups 10, 11 and 12 were also treated with 200, 400 and 600mg/kg of V. amygdalina (VAE) extracts while groups 13, 14 and 15 were treated with combined 200, 400 and 600mg/kg extracts (1:1:1). The treatments lasted for 28 days by oral intubation with different doses of combined extracts of (MPPE, GLE and VAE) respectively. The results showed that serum insulin levels and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly lower (p<0.05) in group 2 than in group 1. Treatments with the extracts and metformin resulted to a significant increase in the values of these parameters. The effect of the extracts was found to be significantly dose dependent, and the effect produced by the combined extract was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the individual extracts. The effect produced by 600mg/kg of combined extract was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of metformin. The findings from this study are indicative that the extracts of MPPE, GAE, VAE and combined form possess antidiabetic property which may be attributed to their chemical constituents.
COMPARATIVE ECOTOXICITY OF SELECTED DOMESTIC DETERGENTS ON FRESH WATER FISH AND MICROORGANISMS
This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of selected domestic detergents (Ariel, Viva, Morning Fresh, and Mama Lemon) and Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)as reference chemical on freshwater microorganisms—Nitrobacter sp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus sp.—and fishes—Schilbe mystus, Synodontis eupterus, and Synodontis membraneceus—collected from River Niger, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Acute toxicity bioassays were conducted using concentrations ranging from 10 ppm to 100,000 ppm, while physicochemical parameters of the water were also assessed. Results revealed that all detergents exhibited significant toxicity, with 100% mortality observed at higher concentrations. The order of sensitivity among the test organisms was Schilbe mystus > Synodontis eupterus > Synodontis membraneceus > Nitrobacter sp. > Staphylococcus sp. > E. coli. Among detergents, Mama Lemon caused the highest mortality in fishes (LC50 Schilbe mystus 12,500.13ppm, LC50 results for Synodontis eupterus 12500.25ppm and Synodontis membraneceus 12501.5ppm) whereas Ariel showed the greatest toxicity toward microorganisms (with LC50 for Nitrobacter sp. 3, 532.11ppm, Staphylococcus sp. 7,210.73ppm and E. coli. 16,832.35ppm). Detergent exposure led to inhibited nitrification, membrane disruption, and cellular lysis, especially in Gram-negative bacteria. The findings indicate that domestic detergents contribute significantly to aquatic pollution, reducing microbial populations vital for nutrient cycling and threatening fish biodiversity. It is there recommended amongst others that biodegradable detergents be promoted, effluent discharge be strictly regulated, and continuous monitoring of freshwater systems be enforced to prevent ecological imbalance and safeguard human health.
EXPLORING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ICT INTEGRATION IN BIOLOGY INSTRUCTION AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OSHIMILI NORTH LGA, DELTA STATE
This study investigated the extent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration in Biology instruction among senior secondary schools in Oshimili North Local Government Area (LGA) of Delta State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted, involving 20 Biology teachers and 100 SS2/SS3 students selected from five public secondary schools through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and standard deviations). Findings revealed that while basic ICT facilities such as desktop computers and projectors were moderately available, advanced tools like digital microscopes, simulation software, and reliable internet access were scarce. ICT use in Biology classrooms was irregular, with most teachers relying on traditional teaching methods. Major challenges identified included inadequate funding, erratic power supply, poor internet connectivity, and insufficient teacher training. The study concludes that ICT integration in Biology instruction within Oshimili North LGA remains limited by infrastructural and human resource constraints. It recommends increased investment in ICT facilities, continuous teacher training, and the provision of alternative power sources to enhance effective ICT adoption. These findings align with previous studies by Ajani, Ajani, Okonta, & Ewuotu (2024) and Ajani, Ajani, Osamor, & Chibuoke (2025), which emphasise the need for systemic interventions to strengthen digital learning in Nigerian educational institutions.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ARTIFICIAL AQUACULTURE POND WATER AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR FISH HEALTH IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Physicochemical and Microbiological Evaluation of Artificial Aquaculture Pond Water and Its Implications for Fish Health in Anambra State, Nigeria were carried out. A total of three fish pond waters were sampled. The result of the physico-chemical properties of the water samples showed that dissolved oxygen, ranged from 35.60mg/l to 37.7mg/l, Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD ranged from 4.60 to 6.30, Chemical Oxygen Demand 120 to 216, electrical conductivity, 473µ/cm to 1431.00µ/cm, total dissolved solids, 237mg/l to 715mg/l, turbidity values, 2.80 NTU to 5.50 NTU, sulphate 35.3mg/l to 48.5mg/l, total chloride 4,9985mg/l to 19.99mg/l, total hardness 95mg/l to 175mg/l, total acidity 75mg/l to 132mg/l, cadmium 0.08mg/l, copper 0.0013mg/l – 0.0022mg/l while lead pb and zinc Zn were not detected in all the samples. The total heterotrophic bacteria count was higher in the water sample gotten from Awka (3.63x105) than (1.7x105 cfu/ml) in other water sample. The fungal count ranged between (1.9x105 cfu/ml) in the water samples from Onitsha than (1.5x105 cfu/ml) while the total coliform count was hihegr in water sample from Onitsha (1.5x104 cfu/ml) than (1.0x104 cfu/ml). The bacteria genera isolated from the ponds were Escherichia coli, Salmomella spp, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp, Staphyloccuss aureus and Micrcoccus spp while the fungal species were also isolated Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp, Peniccillum spp, Sceletrium roifin and Abida corynbifern. The study revealed that the ponds were grossly contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms which poses a risk to human health, thus of significant concerns. Some of the physicochemical, bacteriological and parasitological parameters had values above World Health Organization admissible limited and therefore proper sanitary practices and water treatments must be employed to prevent epidemic among fish consumers.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP AND JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG LIBRARY PERSONNEL IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the relationship between interpersonal relationships and job performance among library personnel in university libraries in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research design was driven by three distinct research questions and one central null hypothesis. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, a total population of 133 library personnel across three selected universities was targeted using a total enumeration sampling technique. Data collection was executed using a structured questionnaire, from which 118 valid copies were successfully retrieved and analyzed, representing an 88.7% response rate. Descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation) were used to analyze the research questions, while the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) was employed to test the null hypothesis at a 0.05 level of significance. The descriptive findings revealed that the level of job performance is heavily mediated by foundational administrative conditions, with comprehensive well-being benefits scoring highest (Mean = 3.72) and institutional job security scoring lowest (Mean = 2.86). Effective communication emerged as the strongest cornerstone for interpersonal relationships (Mean = 3.59), while building cross-departmental trust networks presented a notable structural deficiency (Mean = 2.86). The primary challenge hindering staff output was a lack of recognition and appreciation (Mean = 3.42). Hypotheses testing definitively rejected the null hypothesis, revealing a strong, positive, and statistically highly significant relationship between interpersonal relationships and job performance (r = 0.895, P = 0.000, P < 0.05). The study concluded that positive adjustments in the quality of workplace relationships will correspond directly to improvements in professional job performance. It is recommended that library managements introduce formal staff recognition awards, address job security anxieties, and fund structured inter-departmental team activities to optimize service delivery.
AN EMPIRICAL SURVEY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS’ SUBJECT SELECTION AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN AKURE NIGERIA
The selection of subjects at secondary school level is the first and foremost step that might lead students to get desired higher education and achieve successful destination. This empirical study was conducted to explore potential factors affecting students’ subject selection at secondary school level in Akure, Nigeria. In order to achieve this, real data set for the study was collected from 200 respondents which comprises of 100 students, 50 teachers of Federal University of Technology Staff Secondary School, Akure, Nigeria and 50 parents within the University’s environment with the aid of well- structured survey questionnaires. The analyses were carried out using suitable statistical software. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied to analyze the data. The empirical study revealed that students' subject choices were influenced by factors such as their potential, prior knowledge, parents' profession, and financial status. The study also revealed that students tend to select subjects that are easy, interesting, or aligned with teaching methods they find appealing, while parents and teachers guide them toward subjects important for future careers and job security. Recommendations were made for students, teachers, and parents to help with subject selection that meets the demands of the twenty first century.
FORMULATION AND COMPARATIVE NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF WEANING MEAL BLEND OF SOYBEAN, UNRIPE PLANTAIN AND SWEET POTATOES WITH SELECTED COMMERCIAL INFANT FOOD
This research was carried out to produce and assess the nutritional composition of weaning meal obtained from unripe plantain, soybean and sweet potatoes blend. The samples used for this research were purchased from eke market Oko, Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State. Standard analytical methods were used for the proximate, mineral and vitamin analysis of the produced weaning meal. Results obtained from the study for the proximate composition was recorded as moisture content 6%, ash content 5%, crude fibre 5%, fat and oil 12%, crude protein 24% and carbohydrate 32.9%. the mineral analysis was recorded in (mg/100g), whereas is iron 3.00, Potassium 58.00, phosphorus 2.10, magnesium, 38.90 and calcium 42.60. Whereas the result for vitamin were analyzed in (mg/100g) were vitamin A 76.95, vitamin C 30.00, vitamin D 13.77, vitamin E 27.88 and vitamin K 0.33. The commercial weaning meal had Ash 1.5%, fibre 2.2%, fat 5%, protein 7.5% and carbohydrate 32.5%. It also had in mg/100g iron 5.0, pottasium 47.5, phosphorus 5.2, calcium 51.3. it also contains in mg/100g vitamin A (70.3) , vitamin C (32.5) , vitamin D (15.2) and Vitamin E (3.4). The study reveals that blended weaning meal compared favourably with the commercially available cereals in terms the the nutritional qualities, vitamins and minerals. Formulated blend of weaning meal can help to combat protein-energy malnutrition.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CO-INFECTION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND BLOOD GROUP AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING SAINT LUKE HOSPITAL WUSASA, ZARIA, KADUNA STATE
HBV is a hepatotropic virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. The viral genome is a DNA of about 3.2 Kb that has four overlapping open reading frames (ORFs): S, X, P,and C. The S/preS ORF encodes the three form of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): long (HBsAg-L), medium (HBsAg-M) and small (HBsAg-S). The regulatory protein X (HBx) is transcribed from X ORF; the P ORF encodes the viral DNA polymerase; and the C ORF encodes the core protein (HBcAg) and a related protein called which is the precursor of the secreted protein known as antigen e (HBeAg)(GHSS,2021). The diagnosis of HBV infection is established by detection of the molecular and serologic markers: viral DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBe and anti-HBc (IgM and total antibodies) (Table 1).Four routes of transmission have been described: (1) parenteral, i.e., by transfusion, reused syringes and needles and contact of blood; (2) sexual; (3) vertical; (4) horizontal, i.e., by contact with body fluids, such as saliva, shared toothbrushes and secretory skin lesions(Illiam,2017).In high endemic areas (Africa and Southeast Asia), HBV infection is acquired predominantly during the perinatal period or in early childhood (Borgia,2012). Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are responsible for the most common chronic viral infections worldwide. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection is higher among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to the general population due to the common trans-mission routes and the overlap of behavioral risk factors for these viruses.1Guidelines for the clinical management of HIV patients recommend testing for infection markers for viral hepatitis, and clinical evidence shows that co-infections are associated with worse prognosis of the liver disease(Soriano,2011). The main aim of this study is to determine prevalence of hepatitis coinfection with Blood group among patients attending Saint Luke Hospital Wusasa Zaria. The Study only be limited to prevalence of hepatitis co-infected with blood group in the Study area.
HEAVY METAL ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM ORANGE AND SOUR SOP SEEDS
The activated carbon produced from Orange and Soursop seeds were used as adsorbents to remove Cobalt and Mercury ions from aqueous solutions. The samples were dried, powdered and activated by the use of 50% orthophosphoric acid by chemical activation method. Moisture content, ash content and percentage yield were characterized and the effects of initial ion concentration and time were evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results of characterization showed that soursop seed has higher percentage yield and ash content (28.5 and 5.53%) while orange seeds have higher moisture content (62.0%). Adsorption decreases with increase in time and concentration. Soursop seed activated carbon showed a better adsorbent of Cobalt while that of orange seeds showed a better adsorbent of Mercury. The study has shown that both adsorbents had the potential for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. The results from the study can be used for the development of efficient, clean and cheap technology for treating effluents. It is therefore recommended that bio char materials from other different sources be investigated for their capacity in removal of heavy metals from contaminated water.
EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL FROM MANGO, AVOCADO PEAR AND NEEM SEEDS COLLECTED FROM OKO, ANAMBRA STATE AND PRODUCTION OF MEDICATED SOAP USING BLEND OF THESE OIL
This study investigated the extraction, characterization, and utilization of oils obtained from seeds of Mangifera indica, Persea americana, and Azadirachta indica collected from Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria, for the production of medicated soap. The seeds were processed, dried, and subjected to solvent extraction using n-hexane. The extracted oils were analyzed for their physicochemical properties. The results showed that mango seed oil had a pH of 12.45, acid value of 22.50 mg/g, iodine value of 62.75 mg/g, saponification value of 60.00 mg/g, and peroxide value of 59.00 mg/kg. Avocado oil recorded a pH of 13.02, acid value of 20.60 mg/g, iodine value of 70.25 mg/g, saponification value of 70.40 mg/g, and peroxide value of 55.00 mg/kg. Neem oil showed a pH of 12.88, acid value of 21.74 mg/g, iodine value of 68.40 mg/g, saponification value of 57.20 mg/g, and peroxide value of 56.50 mg/kg. The relatively high acid and peroxide values indicate some degree of hydrolysis and oxidation of the oils. Soap was produced using a blend of the extracted oils through the process of Saponification. The produced medicated soap was evaluated and found to have a pH of 9.20, pink colour, pleasant odour, hard solid texture, high foamability, good cleansing ability, and stability without cracks after curing. The study concludes that oils extracted from mango, avocado, and neem seeds are suitable for soap production despite some variations in their physicochemical properties. The utilization of these locally available seeds provides a sustainable approach to waste management and offers potential for small-scale industrial applications.
TEST ANXIETY AS CORRELATE OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE, SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
This study was designed to investigate test anxiety and academic achievement among medical students in public universities in Anambra State, South-east Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study. The design of the study was cross-sectional correlation designs. Nine hundred medical students from the two public universities in Anambra State was the population; hence, the method of Yamane, 1976 was used to draw out 400 students as a sample from the population. Test anxiety data were collected from the students, using adapted questionnaire from Spielberger Merit Anxiety Inventory. The sample consists of 200 males and 200 females. Each student’s last professional examination average score was collected. The collected data were coded and analyzed, using Pearson Moment Correlation (r) as statistical tool. Correlation analysis revealed that there was positive relationship between student’s test anxiety scores and their academic grade scores (GS). Further, Pearson moment correlation test analysis indicated that there was non-significant relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement of medical students. However, when gender was considered, there was negative, but non-significant correlation between test anxiety and academic achievement of male medical students. It was recommended among others that the university authorities should create test anxiety awareness in the university and provide learning environment that promotes tolerable level of test anxiety that will stimulate students to learn well and keep learning.
TEACHERS' UTILIZATION OF AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The importance of sciences education cannot be overstated, as it plays a critical role in preparing students for the complexities of the 21st century. However, the traditional methods of assessment have been criticized for their limitations in promoting deep learning and understanding of scientific concepts. In response to this need, this study examined teachers' utilization of authentic assessment for effective teaching of sciences in public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study . The study adopted descriptive research design. The population of the study consisted of 6,598 teachers in all public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. The sample of the study comprised of 430 teachers as respondents. Stratified and Simple random sampling technique were adopted in drawing teachers from the public secondary schools. The instruments for data collection were structured questionnaire titled “teachers' utilization of authentic assessment Questionnaire (TUAAQ)” and “Effective Teaching of Science Questionnaire (ETSQ)”. The instruments were subjected to face and construct validity by three experts. The reliability of the instruments were established using Cronbach’s Alpha statistics, the average reliability coefficient showed a value of 0.71 for (TUAAQ) and 0.83 for (ETSQ), therefore the instruments were considered reliable and adequate for the study. The researcher visited the sampled schools with the aid of six briefed research-assistants to administer and retrieve the copies of the questionnaire. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using t-test. The findings indicated that teachers' utilization of authentic assessment is to a low extent and significant for effective teaching of sciences in public secondary schools in Anambra State The study recommended the implementation of authentic assessment in the teaching of sciences, including integration with 21st-century skills, use of technology, and design of real-world applications. The study also recommended the need for professional development opportunities, resources, and policy support for educators to effectively implement authentic assessment in the teaching of sciences.
FAMILY VARIABLES AND DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR TENDENCY AMONG STUDENTS OF CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CALABAR EDUCATION ZONE OF CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study adopted ex-post facto research design to examine the influence of family variables in terms of Family type and parenting styles on students with deviant behaviour in Catholic Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The selection was carried out using stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire titled, titled “Family Variables and Deviant Behavior Questionnaire” (FVDB-Q) was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face validity by three experts in Measurement and Evaluation. Cronbach alpha reliability method was used to estimate the reliability of the instrument, a reliability index .84 for the instrument was obtained. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis was adopted to test the hypotheses at .05 level of significance.The result of the analysis revealed that, Family type and parenting style both have significant influence on students’ deviant behaviour tendency among Catholic secondary school students in Calabar Education Zone of Cross-River State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended, among others, that There should be periodic re-training of family counsellors, bearing in mind the dynamics of students’ activities and how to eliminate deviant behaviour among students.
ENFORCEMENT OF DRESS CODE: A PANACEA TO CURBING INDECENT DRESSING AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN ADEKUNLE AJASIN UNIVERSITY, AKUNGBA AKOKO, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the enforcement of institutional dress codes as a panacea to curbing indecent dressing among undergraduate students at Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. It evaluated the effectiveness of administrative enforcement mechanisms and their secondary impacts on student academic performance and general social behaviour. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The target population comprised all undergraduate students across the institution's primary disciplines. Utilizing a stratified random sampling technique to ensure proportional representation, a sample of 515 undergraduate students was selected from six distinct faculty clusters: Arts and Humanities (n=86), Management and Social Sciences (n=112), Agriculture and Engineering (n = 65), Education (n=90), Science and Technology (n=96), and Information and Media Studies (n = 66). Data collection was executed using a self-constructed questionnaire titled Institutional Dress Code Enforcement and Student Behavioral Assessment Questionnaire (IDCESAQ), which was validated by experts in Social Studies and Tests & Measurement. A test-retest reliability procedure yielded a stability coefficient of 0.76. Hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance using Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi-Square (X2) tests, and Mean Independent t-tests. The results demonstrated that while male and female undergraduates across disciplines share a statistically uniform baseline perception regarding dress code necessity (P = 0.077), significant differences in policy compliance exist across faculty clusters (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a highly significant relationship was established between strict, continuous policy enforcement and the mitigation of indecent dressing (X2 = 134.82, P < 0.001). The study also verified that systematic enforcement significantly enhances the academic environment by reducing classroom visual distractions (X2 = 3.12) and improves social behavior by significantly lowering peer-to-peer sexual harassment claims (X2 = 2.88). The study concluded that institutional boundaries are vital for sustaining academic focus and moral decorum. It recommends that university management implement consistent, campus-wide enforcement across all departments.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH STRATEGIES IN CONTROLLING LASSA FEVER OUTBREAKS IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Lassa fever, an acute viral hemorrhagic disease endemic to West Africa, continues to challenge Nigeria’s public health system, with Southeast states contributing substantially to the national caseload. This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of governance and public health strategies in controlling Lassa fever outbreaks in Anambra, Ebonyi, and Imo States from 2018 to 2024. Drawing on NCDC surveillance data, state health records, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions with 1,200 stakeholders, the mixed-methods analysis revealed moderate successes in national coordination and rapid response protocols, alongside persistent weaknesses in funding allocation, diagnostic infrastructure, and community engagement. Case numbers fluctuated, with peaks in 2020 and 2023, and case fatality rates (CFR) in Southeast Nigeria often exceeded the national average of approximately 18%. Governance gaps, including fragmented state-federal coordination and low budget prioritization for infectious disease control, limited intervention impact, particularly in rural areas. Socio-cultural factors, such as delayed health-seeking behavior and unsafe burial practices, further undermined efforts. The study proposes a strengthened policy framework emphasizing decentralized funding, enhanced One Health approaches, and culturally tailored sensitization. These findings offer actionable insights for reducing outbreak frequency and mortality, contributing to Nigeria’s health security goals.
USE AND PREFERENCE OF HEALTH INFORMATION RESOURCE FORMATS AMONG PRE-CLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITIES IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the purpose, frequency of use, format preferences, and institutional challenges regarding health information resources among pre-clinical students in Ogun State, Nigeria. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, a structured questionnaire was deployed across two selected institutions representing the public and private tertiary sectors: Babcock University (BU) and Olabisi Onabanjo University (OOU). Multi-stage sampling was utilized to select 250 pre-clinical students across the departments of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, yielding 227 valid responses (90.8% response rate) analyzed via frequency counts, percentages, and mean scores. Findings shows that the primary driver for utilizing health information resources was supporting academic activities (X = 3.35). Print media (medical textbooks, (X = 3.15); dictionaries, (X = 3.02) dominated everyday frequency of use, while internet resources (X = 2.53) emerged as the most preferred format overall. The most severe institutional challenges identified were non-courteous library staff (X = 2.70), difficulties in physically retrieving located reading materials (X = 2.54), and restricted electronic resource access (X = 2.54). The study concluded that, there was a significant dual contribution of resource accessibility and use in driving format preferences. Medical libraries must implement customer service training for personnel, streamline retrieval mechanics, and bolster digital infrastructure to bridge the gap between traditional print availability and student digital preferences.