UNIZIK JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL LAWS AND LEADERSHIP STUDIES
UNILAWS UNIZIK JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL LAWS AND LEADERSHIP STUDIES Editorial Policy UNILAWS is based in the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Authors are to visit the Journal website: https://unilaws.org/unilaws to register and submit their manuscripts. The Journal publications shall be 100% online for regular publications only. Publication shall be both regular and special. UNILAWS Regular Publication: This shall be published twice in a year: January-June and July-December. Unlike Special Publications, authors shall pay publication fees for Regular Publication. UNILAWS Special Publication: This shall be published once in a year or once in two years. Special Publications shall be sponsored publications. Unlike Regular Publications, authors shall not pay publication fees for Special Publication. Special Publication shall be both online and off-line. Authors are to visit https://unilaws.org/unilaws to register and submit their manuscripts. Alternatively, the manuscript can be E-mailed directly through: unilaws24@gmail.com UNILAWS PUBLICATION FEES USE THE UNIZIK JOURNAL ACCOUNT SERIES FOR PAYMENT Paper Publication Fee: N30, 000 (Comprising N5,000 Vetting Fee & N25,000 Publication Fee Account Number: 101 739 6647 Account Name: UNIJERPS (Unizik Journal of Educational Research and Policy Studies) Bank Name: Zenith Bank Plc Policy on Printing of Hard Copies There shall be no printing of hard copies of UNILAWS by UNILAWS Editorial Board. In order to assist contributors have printed or hard copies of the journal, all sufficient information about each volume of the journal such as the journal cover and table of contents and other preliminary information will be uploaded online for interested contributors to download and print accordingly.
HEADTEACHERS’ COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING TEACHERS' JOB PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The position of a headteacher comes with lots of responsibilities and commitments to ensure efficiency and productivity in the school administration. This study examined communication strategies for enhancing teachers’ job performance in public primary schools in Anambra State. The study was guided by one research question and one hypothesis tested at 0.05 significance level. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 9559 teachers in primary schools in Anambra State. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to draw a sample size of 600 teachers representing the entire population. The instrument for data collection was ‘Questionnaire on Headteachers' Communication Strategies and Teachers’ Performance (QHCSTP). Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used for data analysis and the hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that headteachers’ communication strategy enhances teachers’ job performance in public primary schools in Anambra State. The study also revealed that there is no significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female teachers on headteachers’ communication strategy for enhancing teachers’ job performance in public primary schools in Anambra State. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the government should encourage headteachers to organize regular staff meetings for proper and timely dissertation of information to teachers for regular updates to enhance their job performance in public primary schools in Anambra State.
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STATEKHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT AS CORRELATE OF SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study investigated the relationship between stakeholders’ engagement and school effectiveness in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Specifically, it examined the relationship between parent engagement and school effectiveness and between community engagement and school effectiveness in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The research adopted a correlational design. The population consisted of all 275 principals of public secondary schools in Anambra State. The entire population was utilised through census sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire named Stakeholders Engagement and School Effectiveness Questionnaire (SESEQ), which had two sections with 10 items each for assessing parent engagement and community engagement on a 4-point Likert scale. Out of 275 questionnaires distributed, 232 were returned and analysed. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to analyse data. Findings revealed a high positive relationship between parent engagement and school effectiveness and a high positive relationship between community engagement and school effectiveness in public secondary schools in Anambra State. The study concluded that stakeholders’ engagement has a significant positive relationship with school effectiveness in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Based on these findings, it was recommended that public secondary schools in Anambra State strengthen parent engagement by promoting regular communication, involvement in decision-making and home-school learning support, while actively fostering community engagement through partnerships with local leaders, organisations and alumni associations for resource mobilisation, infrastructure support and sustained school development.
INFLUENCE OF HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME ON ANTENATAL CARE AWARENESS AMONG EXPECTANT MOTHERS IN AKU, ENUGU STATE
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of community-based health education programme on knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antenatal care among expectant mothers in Aku, Enugu State. The study employed a quasi-experimental research design featuring a pretest-posttest approach with a 6-month follow-up. The population for the study was all expectant mothers residing in the community, and voluntary sampling was adopted for selecting a sample of 48 participants. The sample was randomized into an experimental group and a control group to assess the impact of the educational intervention effectively. Data was collected at three time points: pretest, posttest, and follow-up, allowing for comprehensive evaluation of changes over time. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA, with effect sizes calculated using partial eta squared to determine the magnitude of observed changes. Results show that community-based health education significantly improved expectant mothers’ knowledge and attitudes toward antenatal care, as well as their antenatal care practices over time. It was concluded that such interventions are effective in enhancing maternal health awareness and engagement. Among other things, the study recommended that local health authorities expand community health education programmes to promote better antenatal care practices and improve maternal health outcomes in the region.
UTILISATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSFORMATION OF TEACHING AND LEARNING OF CURRICULUM COURSE IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN ANAMBRA STATE OF NIGERIA
Digital technology is an important tool in the 21st century, which has tremendously transformed Nigerian education system. The most transformed area is the mode of instructional delivery. Consequently, this study investigated the utilisation of digital technologies for transformation of teaching and learning of Curriculum course in public universities in Anambra State of Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted. Researchers’ self-developed 20 items questionnaire, which was validated by three experts, was used to collect data from 25 Curriculum course lecturers in the Departments of Educational Foundations of the two universities. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.78. Data collected were analyzed using mean. The finding of the study revealed that lecturers utilise digital technologies for transformation of teaching and learning of Curriculum course to a low extent. Also, that high cost of internet subscription, slow internet speed, insufficient availability of digital instructional devices among others are the constraints to the utilisation of digital technologies for transformation of teaching and learning of Curriculum course. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that Federal Government in collaboration with the university authorities should organise periodic trainings in form of workshop, conference and seminars to enable the lecturers acquire the skills and be able to equip the students for the future.
INSTITUTIONAL IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES AND PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS’ EFFECTIVENESS IN CALABAR EDUCATION ZONE, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
The study examined the relationship between institutional improvement strategies and the effectiveness of public secondary schools in the Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. It was guided by two null hypotheses. A correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised all 95 public secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, and the census sampling technique was employed. A validated instrument titled: Institutional Improvement Strategies and Secondary School Effectiveness Questionnaire (IISSSES) were used for data collection. It was validated by research experts in Educational Management, Measurement and Evaluation Unit, Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument and it yielded a reliability coefficient index of .83 level of reliability which indicated that the instrument was good for the study. Data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis. The findings revealed that both school facilities management and staff development programmes have significant positive relationships with school effectiveness. Based on these findings, the study concludes that institutional improvement strategies play a vital role in enhancing the effectiveness of public secondary schools. It was recommended that school administrators should prioritize effective management of school facilities by ensuring regular maintenance, proper utilization, and adequate provision of physical and instructional resources to create a conducive learning environment.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNET ADDICTION AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The world today revolves around internet usage as both young and old engage actively with their internet. The students are not exempted, as they utilize the internet for academic purposes alongside their social entertainment. The poor usage of internet by the students may be one of the causes of underachieved academic goals set by both the ministry of education, parents and the student. The study examined the relationship between internet addiction and students’ academic achievement in public senior secondary schools in Anambra state. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The sample of the study comprised 420 SS1 students (210 males, 210 females) drawn from using proportionate random sampling technique. Two instruments were used for data collection: Internet addiction test (IAT), and basic examination result. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used as tools for data analyses. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The two core subjects’ English language and Mathematics in Basic External Certificate Examination (BECE or junior WAEC) result of senior secondary school one students were used to assess their academic achievement. The findings showed that there was a very low negative relationship between internet addiction and students’ academic achievement in English Language, but, a low negative relationship was found between internet addiction and students’ academic achievement in Mathematics. There was a significant negative relationship between internet addiction and academic achievement in Mathematics among male students, however there was no significant relationship between internet addiction and academic achievement in English language among male students. For the female sample, there was a significant negative relationship between internet addiction and academic achievement in English language and Mathematics among female students in public secondary schools in Anambra state. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Schools should have functional school counselors who can assist those students who go through various psychological problems.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY SIZE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
Family size is a critical determinant of students’ academic achievement in Anambra State. The study examined the relationship between family size and academic achievement of public secondary school students in Anambra State. The study was guided by one research questions and one hypothesis. This study adopted correlational research design. The population of the study comprised 5,110 Senior Secondary School Two (SS II) students in Awka Education Zone of Anambra State. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was employed to draw a sample size of 511 students. Family demographic Questionnaire and academic achievement of students obtained from the school records were used for data collection. Research questions were anlysized using Pearson product moment correlation co-efficient and Hypotheses tested using independent t-test. Findings of the study revealed there was no significant relationship between family size and academic achievement of public secondary school students in Anambra State. It was recommended among others that Parents continue to provide moral, emotional, and educational support to students regardless of family size as these supports can enhance learning outcomes.
SCHOOL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND TEACHERS’ JOB PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The purpose of the study was to examine the correlation between physical environment and teachers' job performance in public secondary schools in Anambra State. one research questions guided the study and one null hypothesis were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The correlational research design was adopted. The population of the study was made up of 6,815 teachers while the sample of the study was 2,387 teachers sampled using proportionate random sampling technique. Two instruments developed by the researcher were used for data collection titled “School Environment Questionnaire (SEQ) and “Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire” (TJPQ). The instruments were validated by three experts who are lecturers, one from Measurement and Evaluation, Department of Educational Foundations and the other two were lecturers in Educational Management and Policy, all in Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach alpha method. Alpha coefficients of 0.78 was obtained in SEQ while a coefficient of 0.80 obtained for TJPQ. The researcher administered the copies of the instrument with the help of 5 research assistants each covering the six education zones. The Pearson's Product Momentum Correlation was used to answer the research questions and p value was used to determine the significance of the correlation at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed a weak but statistically significant correlation between the physical environment and teachers job performance. Based on the findings, it was recommended among that that
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATIONAL VARIABLES AND TEACHERS’ ATTITUDE TO WORK IN PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN CALABAR MUNICIPALITY, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined the relationship between motivational variables and teachers’ attitude to work in private primary schools in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State. Two research hypotheses guided the study, and a correlational research design was adopted. The population comprised 597 teachers across 22 private primary schools in the municipality. Using a simple random sampling technique (hat-and-draw method), 239 teachers, representing 40% of the population, were selected for the study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire titled Motivational Variables and Teachers’ Attitude to Work Questionnaire (MVTAWQ). The instrument was validated by two experts in the Measurement and Evaluation Unit, Faculty of Educational Foundations Studies, University of Calabar. Reliability was established using the Cronbach Alpha method, which produced coefficients ranging from 0.85 to 0.88, indicating high internal consistency. The data collected were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed a significant relationship between salary, job security, and teachers’ attitude to work in private primary schools in Calabar Municipality. The results further indicated that motivational variables collectively have a statistically significant relationship with teachers’ work attitudes. Based on these findings, the study concluded that improved motivational conditions enhance positive attitudes to work among teachers in private primary schools. It was recommended that private school proprietors ensure regular and adequate payment of salaries and strengthen job security measures to sustain teachers’ motivation, commitment, and effectiveness in private primary schools.
INFLUENCE OF CHILD ABUSE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study explored how child abuse influences the academic achievement of secondary school students in Anambra State. Its main objectives were to determine the causes of child abuse and explore strategies for its prevention. Five research questions were answered and three hypotheses tested in the study. The study adopted a convergent mixed-methods research design. the research combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population included 850 teachers, 20,131 SS2 students, while the sample consisted of 81 teachers, 254 SS2 students (110 males and 144 females) from 21 selected public secondary schools in Anambra State using simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using questionnaire titled Influence of Child Abuse on the Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Anambra State (ICAAASSSAS). The questionnaire was grouped into 10 items on causes of child abuse, 5 items on physical abuse, 5 items on emotional abuse, 5 items on sexual abuse, 5 items on neglect abuse, and 10 items on measures to prevent child abuse in secondary schools in Anambra state making a total of 40 items for the study. The response option for the questionnaire was a four-point Likert scale of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). Content validity was confirmed through expert review, and the split-half method was applied to assess the reliability of the quantitative instruments, yielding coefficients of 0.91 for causes of child abuse; 0.76 for physical abuse; 0.71 for emotional abuse; 0.88 for sexual abuse; 0.61 for neglect abuse and 0.96 for measures to prevent child abuse with an overall reliability of 0.81. Quantitative data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation with SPSS version 26.0, and results were displayed in tables while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. In taking decisions on the research questions, mean item rating that falls below 2.50 were taken to indicate disagreed and never while mean rating of 2.50 or above were taken to indicate agreed and always. In testing the null hypotheses, if t-calculated is equal to or greater than t-critical at 0.05 level of significance and the appropriate degree of freedom, the null hypothesis was rejected, but if otherwise, they were not be rejected. Findings from the study revealed among others that both the teachers and students agreed that the items in Table 1 are the causes of child abuse among secondary school students in Anambra State. It was recommended among others that parents should actively participate in educational workshops and community initiatives to strengthen their role in supporting and protecting their children from abuse.
CLASS RELATIONS IN EDUCATIONAL DYNAMICS: A DIALECTICAL MATERIALIST INQUIRY INTO EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE WITHIN NIGERIA’S CAPITALIST FORMATION
This dialectical materialist study examines class relations and internal contradictions in Nigeria’s educational dynamics within its peripheral capitalist formation, analysing secondary evidence across three questions: dialectical stratification by class; material interactions reproducing antagonisms; and historical political-economic shaping of relations and future contradictions. Analysis of policy documents, national statistics, international reports, and scholarly studies (1960–2026) paints a picture that is chiefly defined by persistent paradoxes. Despite formal universalisation (UBE Act 2004), ≈10.5–18 million children remain out of school, with private schools growing 39% (2017–2022) while public provision stagnates, in the process deepening commodification. Almajiri exclusion (≈9.5 million children), graduate informalisation (e.g., commercial motorcycling) and post-2023 subsidy shocks are all factors that have accentuated class-mediated absenteeism and marginalisation. Historically, gains have repeatedly been repeatedly negated. The negated gains include, but are not limited to, post-independence expansion entrenched disparities; structural adjustment retrenched funding; neoliberal reforms marketised access; post-UBE enrolment rose amid quality decline; and the contemporary crisis (2016–2026)-induced acceleration of youth exclusion amid capitalist volatility. The study, grounded in Marxist reproduction theories and dependency perspectives, argues an important point: incremental, access-focused reforms are insufficient and highlights the need for equitable public investment, strengthened regulation of private provision, targeted household support, closer alignment between education and labour markets, and the integration of education policy with broader poverty reduction and social protection strategies.
INDUSTRIAL STRIKE ACTIONS IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SYSTEM: THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK, CAUSES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Industrial strike actions have become a recurring and defining feature of Nigeria’s university system, representing a profound rupture in the academic calendar and a crisis in national development. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between law and industrial strikes within Nigerian public universities, focusing on the persistent disputes between university staff unions—notably the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), the Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU), and the Non-Academic Staff Union (NASU)—and the Federal Government of Nigeria. The study examines the historical evolution of trade unionism in Nigerian universities, delineates the governing legal framework from constitutional provisions to specific labour statutes, and diagnoses the multifaceted causes of disputes, from chronic underfunding and wage disparities to the contentious issue of university autonomy.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND PUBLIC-MISSION SECONDARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS’ COLLABORATION WITH INFORMAL ARTISANSHIP INDUSTRIES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION POLICY IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study was on comparative analysis of public, private and public-mission secondary school principals’ collaboration with informal artisanship industries in implementation of entrepreneurship education policy in Anambra state. One research question guided the study and one hypothesis formulated for the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design of comparative type. Population of the study was made up of all the 1,052 principals of State government-owned public, public-mission owned and private-owned secondary schools in Anambra State. The sample constituted 736 principals of the public, public-mission and private secondary schools using proportionate stratified sampling technique. An 8-item questionnaire, titled “Principals’ Collaboration with Informal Artisan Industries in Implementation of Entrepreneurship Education Policy Questionnaire (PCIAIIEEPQ)” was used to gather data. The instrument was validated by three experts and reliability of the instrument determined through a trial test on fifteen principals in Enugu State. Information retrieved from the public, private and public-mission secondary schools were collated using Cronbach Alpha statistics which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.79, which showed the instrument was reliable and appropriate for the study. Data were collected by the researcher with the help of three research assistants using hand-delivery and face to face contact, and were analyzed using mean scores and standard deviation statistics for answering the research question; while hypothesis tested using ANOVA statistics at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Findings indicated that the extent of collaboration of principals with informal artisanship industries in providing training opportunities for students towards the implementation of entrepreneurship education policy in Anambra State, were all to a low extent. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ratings of principals from public, private and public-mission secondary schools regarding the extent of their collaboration with the informal artisanship industries in providing training opportunities for students towards the implementation of the entrepreneurship education policy in Anambra State. Based on the findings, recommendation was made that: Anambra State Government through the State Ministry of Education, in collaboration with the Post Primary Schools Services Commission should develop a formal framework for sustained partnerships and strong collaborations between secondary schools and informal artisanship industries to a high extent in order to enable students to receive practical, hands-on entrepreneurial training to complement classroom learning for effective implementation of entrepreneurship education policy in the State.
APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR EMPLOYMENT CREATION
Mathematics is a globally recognized subject due to it significant role in entrepreneurship development. Mathematics is an indispensable tool to individuals, artisan, traders who engaged in entrepreneurial activities, its knowledge is fundamental to technological development which is the hub of entrepreneurship such as the establishment of small and medium scale industries for job creation. Based on the role of mathematics in entrepreneurship it was recommended that mathematics at all level of education should be given proper attention by all stake holders in education.
JOB ROTATION AS PREDICTOR OF CAREER ADMINISTRATORS’ JOB PRODUCTIVITY IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH-EAST
The purpose of the study was to determine the predictive value of job rotation approach on career administrators’ job productivity in federal universities in South-East. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the study. The correlational research was adopted in carrying out the study. The study was conducted in Universities in South-East Zone of Nigeria. The population of study comprised 7854 career administrators in the five federal universities in the area of study. The sample for this study consisted of 1177 career administrators drawn from all the five universities in the South East region of Nigeria. The two instruments for data collection were titled ‘‘Career Administrators’ Job Rotation Questionnaire (CAJRQ)’’ and ‘‘Career Administrators’ Job Productivity Questionnaire (CAJPQ).’’ respectively. The instruments were subjected to face validation by three experts. The reliability coefficients of the instruments were determined using Cronbach Alpha method. The data analyzed yielded coefficient value of 0.81 for CAJRQ and coefficient value of 0.77 for CAJPQ. Direct method of data administration was utilized by the researchers together with five research assistants who were deputy registrars in the concerned universities. The data collected were analyzed using simple regression for both the research question and testing the hypothesis. Findings indicated that job rotation approach is a significant predictor of career administrators’ job productivity in federal universities in South-East Nigeria. It was therefore recommended, among others, that university management should achieve higher performance through job rotation and they engaged in, satisfy the employees and provide the climate and opportunity for growth and career development, innovation, and productivity.
DIGITAL RECORD-KEEPING MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF PRINCIPALS FOR EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
The purpose of the study was to determine the digital record-keeping management practices of principals for effective administration of secondary schools in urban and rural areas in South East, Nigeria. It was a descriptive study guided by one research question and one null hypothesis. The population of this study comprised 1,300 principals in the 1,300 public secondary schools in the five states in South East Nigeria. The sample size of this study comprises 750 principals selected using proportionate stratified sampling technique. Data for this study were collected using a structured questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on Data Management Practices for Administration of Secondary Schools” (QDMPASS) developed by the researcher. The instrument has two main sections; A and B. Section A contains two items on the demographic data of the respondents covering school location while Section B contains five clusters on the variables of the study. The instrument is structured on a 4-point scale of Strongly Agree (SA); Agree (A); Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD) with nominal values 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. To ascertain the face validity of the instrument for the study, the researcher submitted it together with the research topic, purpose of the study, research questions and hypotheses to two experts in Department of Educational Management and Policy and one expert in the measurement and evaluation, all from the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was determined through a trial testing. Copies of the instrument were administered to 20 principals in 20 selected public secondary schools in Delta State in South-South, which was not part of the study population. The data collected were analyzed using Cronbach Alpha to measure the internal consistency of the instrument and reliability co-efficient values of 0.89 was obtained for the study. The researcher sent instrument through email to four Research Assistants which are colleague teachers in the five states of South East, those whom she briefed on the modalities of how to administer them to the principals using "on-the-spot" method. A period of four weeks was allowed for the principals to complete the survey. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to answer the research question and determine the closeness or wideness of the respondents’ mean ratings. The null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance using t-test of independence. Findings indicated that principals disagreed on digital record-keeping management practices for effective administration secondary schools in South East Nigeria. Accordingly, it was recommended, among others, that the Ministry of Education should organize intensive training programs and workshops to build principals’ capacity on digital record-keeping tools and systems.
UNDERSTANDING LECTURERS’ COLLECTIVE EFFICACY IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES: INSIGHTS FROM SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORIES
This study presents an integrated conceptual framework to understand lecturers’ collective efficacy in public universities, particularly within resource-constrained contexts such as Nigeria. Drawing on Social Cognitive Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory, the framework posits that Vice Chancellors’ transformational instructional leadership practices encompassing vision setting, professional development support, and recognition shape a positive organizational climate characterized by trust, open communication, and supportive relationships. This climate, in turn, facilitates the development of collective efficacy through mastery experiences, vicarious learning, social persuasion, and positive affective states. The model emphasizes reciprocal interactions whereby collective efficacy reinforces both organizational climate and leadership effectiveness, creating dynamic cycles of improvement. The framework addresses a gap in higher education research by extending collective efficacy theory beyond elementary settings and integrating leadership and climate antecedents in public universities. Practical implications highlight the necessity for transformational leadership and climate-building strategies to enhance faculty collaboration, morale, and resilience amid chronic challenges like underfunding and large enrolments. The paper concludes by recommending empirical testing of the model through quantitative and/or qualitative methods, as well as comparative studies across cultural and institutional contexts, to validate and refine the framework for broader application in higher education leadership and faculty development.
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN INCULCATING MORAL VALUES IN THEIR CHILDREN IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE.
The study investigated the parental involvement in instilling moral values in their children in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Through simple random sampling technique, Awka education zone was selected for the study, and using the same technique, Awka Local government area was selected. The population of the study comprised 1,061 SS2 students in the 19 public secondary schools in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State. A sample of 265 students (25 % of the population) selected using cluster sampling of the first stream/arm of SS2 class in each of the six large public secondary school in Awka South Local Government Area picked through stratified sampling technique participated in the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The researcher-developed instrument, expertly validated by three lecturers proficient in psychometrics in the Faculty of Education, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University was used for data collection. Mean scores and standard deviation were used in data analysis and the results showed that parents still inculcated moral values in their children. Recommendations were advanced.
PERSONAL VALUES AS A PREDICTOR OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study investigated personal values as a predictor of academic dishonesty among undergraduates in public universities in Anambra state. The study has two research questions and two hypotheses. The study adopted correlational research design. The population of the study comprised 43,085 undergraduates from two public universities in Anambra State. The sample size of the study comprised 400 undergraduates (191 males and 209 females) drawn using proportionate stratified sampling procedures. Two instruments were used for data collection. The instruments were Personal Value Questionnaire (PVQ) and the Academic Dishonesty Questionnaire (ADQ). The reliability coefficients of the instruments were 0.89 and 0.88 for PVQ and ADQ. The data collected were analyzed using simple regression statistic to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that personal values have a negative predictive value on academic dishonesty among undergraduates in public universities in Anambra State. Personal values have negative predictive values on academic dishonesty among male and female undergraduates in public universities in Anambra State. Based on the findings of the study, conclusion was drawn. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that university administrators should integrate personal values development programs into the academic curriculum and extracurricular activities by organizing regular seminars, workshops, and ethical leadership training aimed at fostering integrity and reducing academic dishonesty among students.
THE IMPACT OF FAMILY STRUCTURE ON INCIDENCE OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY: EVIDENCE FROM BORSTAL TRAINING INSTITUTION IN GANMO, ILORIN KWARA STATE NIGERIA
The study investigated the Impact of Family Structure on Incidence of juvenile delinquency the influence of family structure on the incidence of juvenile delinquency in Borstal Training Institution in Ganmo, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Juvenile delinquency remains a pressing social issue, and understanding the factors contributing to it is crucial for effective intervention and prevention. The study made use of Social Cognitive Theory by Miller and Dollard (1941) to analyze how various family structures-such as nuclear families, single-parent families, and extended families affect the likelihood of delinquent behavior among juveniles. The study adopted a mixed-methods research designs comprising of questionnaires, interviews, and official records from the institution. 100 respondents were sampled for the study. The findings reveal a significant correlation between family structure and juvenile delinquency, with single-parent and disrupted families showing higher rates of delinquent behavior compared to stable nuclear families. The study underscores the importance of family stability and parental involvement in mitigating juvenile delinquency. The study recommends that policymakers, social workers, and educators should develop targeted interventions that support at-risk families and prevent juvenile delinquency. This research contributes to the broader understanding of the social dynamics influencing juvenile behavior and offers practical solutions for fostering a more supportive family environment
INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION AS DETERMINANT OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TOWARDS LEARNING ORAL FRENCH LANGUAGE IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA
In South West geopolitical zone of Nigeria, secondary school students, there has been a noticeable decline in students' motivation to learn French as a foreign language. This trend is evident in the low enrollment numbers for French in secondary schools and subpar performance in national examinations such as the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE). However, in many Nigerian schools, especially in public institutions, there is a lack of robust instructional supervision, leading to monotonous teaching methods that fail to captivate students' interest in subjects like French. Therefore, this study investigated instructional supervision as determinants of students’ motivation towards learning oral French language in senior secondary schools in Southwest, Nigeria. Data was collected via a self-developed questionnaire (SMLOFLQ) with a reliability coefficient of 0. 878. Findings revealed that there was a moderate level of students’ interest (x̅ = 2.975), persistence (x̅=3.218) and engagement (x̅= 2.794) on students’ motivation towards learning oral French language among secondary school in Southwest, Nigeria. Also, interactive guidance (x̅ = 2.807) and collaborative teacher-students interaction (x̅ = 2.966) are at their moderate level on students’ motivation towards learning oral French language in secondary schools in Southwest, Nigeria and are well perceived by the students.
AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP, DETERRENCE, AND DEVIANT WORKPLACE BEHAVIOUR IN NIGERIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
Deviant workplace behaviour poses a substantial risk to organisational integrity and productivity, especially in academic institutions, where unethical practices like "sex for grades" and other exploitative behaviours have raised considerable alarm. Although leadership style and disciplinary procedures are acknowledged as significant factors influencing employee behaviour, there has been scant empirical research on the interaction between authoritarian leadership and deterrent measures affecting workplace deviance in Nigerian tertiary institutions. This study utilises General Deterrence Theory (GDT) to investigate the moderating effect of deterrence, defined by the certainty, severity, and celerity of sanctions, on the relationship between authoritarian leadership and deviant workplace behaviour among academic staff in Nigerian public tertiary institutions. A cross-sectional survey approach was employed, with data gathered from academic personnel across six universities and examined using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings suggest that authoritarian leadership correlates with a decrease in deviant workplace behaviour. Moreover, the certainty and harshness of consequences enhance this link, whereas the timeliness of punishment does not significantly affect it. The findings indicate that in bureaucratic institutional settings, the perceived certainty of punishment may serve as a more potent deterrent than its immediacy. This study contributes to the literature on human resource management and organisational behaviour by synthesising leadership dynamics and deterrence theory in a unified empirical framework. It emphasises the need for reliable and regularly implemented sanction procedures and stresses the necessity for context-sensitive leadership strategies to effectively address workplace misbehaviour in higher education institutions.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS’ INTERPERSONAL SKILLS AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study examined the relationship between teachers' interpersonal skills and students’ academic achievement in English Language in Public Secondary Schools in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a Correlation research design. The population for the study consisted of 21,272 Senior Secondary SS 1I students in the 2024/2025 session from the 267 public secondary schools in Anambra State. The sample size for the study was 571 respondents which drawn from the population of 21, 272 SS II students in the 2024/2025 academic session. The study adopted stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The instruments for data collection was a structured questionnaires by the researcher, titled “Teachers’ Interpersonal Skill Questionnaire (TISQ). This instrument was subjected to face validity by three experts, two from Educational Management and one from Educational Measurement and Evaluation, all from Faculty of Education, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Anambra State. The construct validity of the instrument was also established. Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the reliabilities of the instruments. The reliability yielded coefficients of reliability yielded coefficients of 0.80 for emotional intelligent skill and 0.81 teacher-student relationship. The average reliability coefficient showed a value of 0.82 for teachers’ interpersonal skill questionnaire which was considered highly reliable and adequate for the study. Five hundred and seventy-one (571) copies of questionnaires were administered by the researcher with six briefed research-assistants by direct administration and collected on the spot. The research questions were analyzed using Pearson product moment Correlation Coefficient while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using test of significance of Pearson product moment Correlation Coefficient. After the analysis the following findings were made; there exists a moderate positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligent skill and students’ academic achievement of students in Anambra State public secondary schools, there exists a moderate positive and significant relationship between teacher-student relationship and students’ academic achievement of students in Anambra state public secondary schools. The government and school administrators should organize regular training programs to enhance teachers' interpersonal skills, focusing on empathy, teacher-student relationship and motivation of teachers. Also, teachers' interpersonal skills should be evaluated and included in their performance appraisal to encourage them to develop and maintain good relationships with students.
THE POWER OF LANGUAGE IN SHAPING SCIENCE CLASSROOM DYNAMICS: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
Given the persistence of educational disparities, many students struggle with feelings of exclusion and disconnection due to linguistic practices that promote social inequalities. This study investigates the impact of language on science classroom dynamics, drawing on sociolinguistic and sociocultural theories. The study analyzes how linguistic interactions affect science students' participation, motivation, and academic performance. Through a thorough analysis of existing research, the study sheds light on how science teachers' language use can either foster or undermine a positive learning atmosphere. This study underscores the need for educators to prioritize language-sensitive approaches in science education. Future research should focus on develop ping and refining instructional strategies that promote linguistic diversity and equity. The findings have significant implications for teacher training and professional development, highlighting the importance of equipping educators with the skills and knowledge to create inclusive learning environments. Moreover, policymakers and educational authorities should promote multilingual resources and materials, and governments can support initiatives that develop culturally responsive curricula. By recognizing the complex interplay between language, power, and identity, educators can unlock the transformative potential of language in education and promote more equitable outcomes for all students.
ADMINISTRATORS’ ROLE PERFORMANCE AND TEACHERS’ JOB EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CROSS RIVER STATE
This paper examines Administrators’ Role Performance and Teachers’ Job Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Cross River State. Design used for the study was correlation while the population of the study comprised of all the public secondary schools in Cross River State with a total of three hundred and one (301) schools having 15,910 teachers. Using proportional stratified sampling technique, 903 teachers were selected which is. Instrument for data collection was a questionnaire type designed by the researcher and named “Administrators’ Roles Performance Questionnaire and Teachers' Job Effectiveness Questionnaire” (ARPTJEQ). The instrument had two sections: A and B) which contained a total of 60 items which was used to gather data on the independent and dependent variable of the study. The instrument was face and content validated using experts in relevant fields. The average reliability of ARPTJEQ was 78 to .86 using Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient which also serve as the method of data analysis. Findings revealed that administrators’ decision-making practices significantly and positively predicted teachers’ job effectiveness, it also showed a weak but significant positive relationship between administrators’ leadership behaviour and teachers’ job effectiveness amongst others and it was concluded that administrators’ role performance expressed through decision-making, leadership behaviour and resource allocation influences teachers’ job effectiveness. It was recommended that Ministry of Education should promote participatory decision-making in schools to ensure that teachers are actively involved in planning and policy execution and State Secondary Education Board should organise regular leadership training for principals to strengthen supportive and instructional leadership behaviours among others.
HOME RELATED FACTORS AS CAUSES OF POOR STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OYO STATE
Schooling is vital for national development, and students' academic performance is a key indicator of an effective educational system. However, persistent poor performance, particularly in public secondary schools, raises significant concerns. While multiple factors contribute to this issue, the home environment plays a foundational role in shaping a child's educational outcomes. This paper examines the various home-related factors that influence the academic performance of students in public secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. Through a review of extant literature and analysis of secondary data from the West African Examinations Council (WAEC), the paper identifies critical factors such as socio-economic status, parental involvement, home climate, and family structure as significant determinants of academic success. The findings reveal a troubling trend of underperformance, with failure rates exceeding 57% in recent years, which has implications for individual potential and national human capital development. The paper concludes by offering suggestions for improvement and recommendations for policymakers, educators, and parents to foster a more supportive home learning environment.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS’ EMPOWERMENT AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS QUALITY ASSURANCE IN ONITSHA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE
This study investigated the relationship between teachers’ empowerment and secondary school quality assurance in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State. Three specific purposes and three research questions guided the study. Correlational design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised all the 719 teachers in the 16 public secondary schools in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State. The sample size of the study was 144 teachers drawn using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Structured rating scales “Teachers’ Empowerment Rating Scale (TERS) and Quality Assurance Rating Scale (QARS)” were used for data collection. The instrument was face validated by three experts in Faculty of Education; two lecturers in Educational Management and Policy and one lecturer in Educational Foundations. Internal consistency co-efficient of 0.82, 0.80, and 0.91; as well as 0.89 was obtained for TERS and QARS respectively, using Cronbach Alpha statistical method. The researcher administered the instrument to the respondents with the help of four research assistants. Data were analyzed using Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient. The findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between teachers’ empowerment (teachers’ continuous professional development, teachers’ involvement in decision-making, and provision of instructional resources) and secondary schools quality assurance in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State. Thus, the study concluded that teachers’ empowerment is an important variable that improve quality assurance and overall educational standards in secondary schools in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that Anambra State Government through the Ministry of Education should provide opportunities for teachers in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State to undergo competency training through study leave with pay, seminars, workshops and conferences to acquire more skills in instructional delivery. Teachers in secondary schools should actively engage in continuous professional development, participate in decision-making processes, and advocate for adequate instructional resources to enhance empowerment and ensure quality assurance.
DYNAMICS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR: A STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY, KADUNA, KADUNA STATE
This study examined the effect of organizational culture on employee performance of Nigerian Bottling Company, Kaduna. The study focused on how organization culture elements affect employee collaboration, innovation, and productivity. A quantitative survey design was used, with 286 questionnaires distributed across departments to employees; 273 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed using multiple regressions in SPSS version 22. Findings reveal that organizational culture significantly affects employee performance, with organizational structure (β = 0.262, p < 0.005), risk-taking (β = 0.209, p < 0.00), and teamwork (β = 0.180, p = 0.002) positively influencing employees’ performance. Results show the advantage of actively managing organizational culture to encourage productivity and maintain competitive advantage. It is recommended that management maintain well-defined organization structures, foster calculated risk-taking, and encourage teamwork through collaborative initiatives. This study provides empirical evidence on how specific cultural dimensions influence employee performance in Nigerian manufacturing companies.
LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR CHILD RIGHTS PROTECTION IN SCHOOLS
Child rights protection in schools remains a central concern in educational management, particularly in developing countries where structural, socio‑economic, and cultural factors continue to expose children to rights violations. Schools are expected to function as safe spaces that guarantee learners’ physical safety, emotional well‑being, dignity, and equal access to quality education. The article examines the concept of child rights protection in schools, explores the major causes and challenges of child rights violations, and proposes practical solutions and recommendations for strengthening child protection mechanisms using international and national child rights frameworks, the article also emphasizes the critical role of school administrators, teachers, parents, communities, and government agencies. It concludes that effective child rights protection enhances academic achievement, reduces school dropout, and promotes holistic child development, thereby contributing to national development.
INFLUENCE OF CYBERBULLYING ON SUICIDAL BEHAVIOURS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS UDI EDUCATION ZONE, ENUGU STATE
This study examined the influence of cyberbullying on suicidal behaviours among senior secondary school students in Udi Education Zone, Enugu State. The study was guided by two research questions. It employed a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised of 78,704 senior secondary school students in Udi Education Zone, Enugu State. The sample size was 74 senior secondary students. The study adopted a multi-stage sampling procedure. The researchers deployed a structured instrument titled “Influence of Cyberbullying on Suicidal Behaviours among Senior Secondary School Students Questionnaire” for data collection. The instrument was structured into a 4-point likert-type scale with the response options of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D), and Strongly Disagree (SA), having the numerical values of 4, 3, 2, and 1, respectively. The instrument was validated by three experts; one from Measurement and Evaluation Unit in the Department of Science Education, and two others from the Department of Social Science Education, all in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Using the Cronbach Alpha method, the overall reliability coefficients of 0.72 was obtained, indicating that the instrument was reliable and suitable for the study. The data was collected using an online survey called Google Form. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. Findings of the study showed that suicidal behviours are highly influenced by cyberbullying among secondary school students in Udi Education Zone, Enugu State, among others. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that secondary schools should intensify cyberbullying awareness and prevention through periodic seminars, workshops, and school-wide campaigns, among others.
FAMILY VALUES AND YOUTHS’ INVOLVEMENT IN INTERNET FRAUD IN AWKA SOUTH L.G.A., ANAMBRA, STATE
With the rising wave of youth involvement in internet fraud known a yahoo- yahoo, there is no week Economic Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) will not report the raid and arrest of students involved in the scheme. This paper sought to investigate family values and youth involvement in internet fraud in Awka South LGA Anambra state. Two null hypotheses were test at 0.05 level of significances. The study design is survey. The target population of the study consisted of youth in Awka South Local Government Area. A sample size of 1000 was used for this study. The instrument that was used for the study is Questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of two sections (A & B). Section “A" contained the bio-data and section “B” contained questions on family values and youth involvement in internet fraud. The reliability of the instrument co-efficient of family value and youths’ involvement in Internet Fraud 0.84. T-test was used in testing the null hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significances. Findings from the study revealed that there is significant difference between family values and youths’ involvement in internet fraud in Awka South LGA in Anambra State. It was concluded that the steadily declined in moral family values, hence youth involvement in internet fraud. It was recommended that Government and Non-Government Agencies (NGOs) should partner with Economic Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) on positive Internet usage through the use of various social media.
CAREER DEVELOPMENT SKILL EDUCATION (PRACTICUM) AS A COMPONENT OF THE UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION (UBE)
For sometime now, human resource development has become indispensable on Nigeria’s socio-economic agenda, particularly on her system wide public sector management reform. This research seeks to explore the strategies students can use for inspiring creativity for innovation and career development skills or practicum mindsets at the universal basic education (UBE) level. In other words, the paper is examined how basic education can be the stepping stone or the training of the career development skills learners to acquire sustainable development that th pool of unemeployed youths from non-graduates to grduates of higher institutions that could be manged through the skill of self-reliance. The paper further exmines problems and existing practice that are associated with career development skills in universal basic education programme. Finally, the paper drew up conclusion and made necessary recommendations to provide viable, as well a suistainable development in an economy of a developing nation.
VOTE-BUYING AND VOTERS TURN-OUT IN THE 2023 GUBERNATORIAL ELECTIONS IN ZARIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE
Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, inaugurated in 1999, continues to face serious challenges from the persistent practice of vote buying, which reduces electoral participation from a civic responsibility to a market-driven transaction, thereby undermining electoral credibility and democratic accountability. This study investigates the relationship between vote buying and voter turnout in the 2023 gubernatorial election in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State, adopting Rational Choice Theory to conceptualize voters as rational actors who respond to material incentives in their decision-making. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, data were obtained from 379 accredited voters drawn from eight wards through structured Likert-scale questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and the Improved Confrontation Index, with a benchmark mean of 3.00, via SPSS software. The findings indicate a high prevalence of vote buying, manifested mainly through the distribution of cash and material goods in close proximity to polling units. Although vote buying may stimulate short-term voter mobilization, its long-term consequences include increased political cynicism and declining trust in democratic institutions. The study concludes that the persistence of vote buying, driven largely by poverty and weak enforcement of electoral laws, artificially inflates voter turnout while eroding meaningful political participation. Consequently, the study recommends strengthened enforcement mechanisms, comprehensive poverty-reduction strategies, intensified civic education, and electoral reforms that emphasize the quality rather than the quantity of votes to enhance democratic consolidation in Nigeria.
TEACHERS’ CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PROMOTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
Classroom management over the years has served as a conceptual procedure for promoting students’ academic engagement. Although, the Classroom management practices appear to be the most acceptable means of ensuring students compatibly for academic success, within the holistic and comprehensive framework classroom management there is gap between knowledge of classroom management and teachers practices of the phenomenon. However, this gap emanates as result of teachers’ lack of involving experience, laxity toward work and professional development. This paper examined teachers’ classroom management practices for promoting students’ academic engagement in secondary schools in Anambra State. The paper discussed enforcement of rules, positive interpersonal relationship, appropriate teaching methods and consistent disciplinary activities as classroom management practices that promotes students’ academic engagement in Anmbra state. It was recommended that teachers, should understand the importance of enforcing rules and ensuring students adhere the rules for effective academic engagement and also should maintain consistent disciplinary activities for all misconduct.
PARENTAL MONITORING AS A CORRELATE OF STUDENTS’ BULLYING PERPETRATION AND VICTIMIZATION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
Bullying in schools continues to pose a serious risk to students’ well-being and academic achievement, with increasing emphasis being placed on family influences especially parental monitoring as a key factor in reducing such behaviours. This study investigated parental monitoring as a correlate of students’ bullying perpetration and victimization in public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. A correlational research design was adopted to examine the relationships among the variables. The study was guided by four research questions and four null hypotheses. The population of the study was 22,403 Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students in government-owned secondary schools across Awka and Onitsha Education Zones. A sample of 1,120 SS2 students was used for the study and was estimated through multi stage sampling procedure. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire composed of three sections. The section on bullying and victimization included adapted items from the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ). Parental monitoring was measured using also adapted Revised Parental Monitoring Short Scale (PMSS) developed by Swaim and Stanley (2022). The questionnaire also included a socio-demographic section developed by the researcher. Validity of the instrument was established by three experts in Educational Psychology and Measurement and Evaluation. Reliability was assessed through a pilot study, yielding Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients of 0.79 for bullying perpetration, 0.80 for victimization, and 0.80 for parental monitoring, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and multiple regressions were used to answer the research questions and test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings among others showed a strong negative correlation between parental monitoring and students’ victimization, and a negative correlation between parental monitoring and bullying perpetration. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that parents should be educated on bullying and monitoring strategies through school-based forums such as PTA meetings to reduce bullying behaviours and support victims.
INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS’ MOTIVATION ON QUALITY ASSURANCE OF TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study examined the influence of teachers’ motivation on quality assurance in public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, it addressed four research questions and tested four null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. A descriptive survey design was adopted, with a sample of 990 teachers selected from a population of 4,868 public secondary school teachers in the state. Data were collected using two researcher-developed instruments: the Work Motivation Scale (WMS) and the Quality Assurance Questionnaire (QAQ), both validated by experts in educational management and measurement and evaluation. The direct delivery method was used for data collection, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-tests were employed to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that teachers’ motivation does not significantly influence the quality of the curriculum. However, it has a strong positive influence on the quality of safety, care, and the learning environment in schools. Based on these findings, it was recommended that secondary schools in Anambra State promote a culture that values and rewards high-quality teaching. This can be achieved by assigning explicit responsibilities related to pedagogical quality to academic boards and the Educational Policy and Standards Committee.
THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN NIGERIAN HIGHER EDUCATION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES COMMISSION ACT AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES
Quality assurance stands as a cornerstone for building credible higher education systems across the globe. In Nigeria, the National Universities Commission serves as the principal regulatory authority responsible for maintaining academic standards in all universities. This paper examines how effectively the legal provisions within the NUC Act translate into actual quality outcomes on university campuses. The research analyzes statutory instruments, policy documents, and current implementation practices to reveal substantial disconnects between what the law requires and what institutions actually experience. Several major obstacles prevent the NUC from fulfilling its quality mandate effectively. These include chronic underfunding of universities, deteriorating physical infrastructure, severe shortages of qualified academic staff, and weak enforcement of regulatory standards. Universities struggle to meet even minimum academic standards because the resources they receive fall drastically short of what regulations demand. The findings show clearly that strong legal frameworks cannot guarantee educational quality when basic material conditions remain inadequate. This paper recommends that government increase funding for higher education substantially, that the NUC strengthen its monitoring systems, that regulatory agencies improve their coordination, and that universities receive targeted support to build their capacity for sustaining quality improvements. Nigerian higher education will continue falling short of national development goals and international standards unless these structural challenges receive serious attention.
INFLUENCE OF INTERNET USAGE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF FINAL YEAR STUDENTS OF COMMUNITY SECONDARY SCHOOL, AWARRA IN OHAJI, IMO STATE
The study investigated The Influence of Internet Usage on Students Academic Performance of Final Year Students of Community Secondary School Awarra in Ohaji. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Five research questions guided the study. The population of the study was made up of all final year students of Community Secondary School Awarra in Ohaji which consisted of 150 students. The sample size of study was the entire population because it was a manageable size. The instrument for the study was a structured, questionnaire developed by the researcher titled: The Influence of Internet Usage on Students Academic Performance of Final Year Students of Community Secondary School Awarra in Ohaji. It was used as the instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts, two from the Department of Educational Management and Policy and one from the Department of Educational Foundation, all from the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Mean rating was used for data analysis. One of the findings of the study among others is that students use internet services to do their academic work irrespective of their locations but that they are limited by inadequate finance. It was therefore recommended among others that government should should make internet useage in schools free.
ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA BASED ON LRCN STANDARD 2011: FOCUS ON ACCOMODATION, FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT.
The study assessed the accommodation, furniture and equipment of school libraries in southeast Nigeria based on librarians’ registration Council of Nigeria standards 2011.Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The area of the study is south east, Nigeria. The population of the study was 20 librarians from 20 school libraries. Ten (10) Librarians from state public school libraries and ten (10) librarians from federal college libraries. There was no sampling because the population was manageable. The instrument for data collection was observation checklist adopted from the LRCN standards and structured interview. The instrument was validated by three experts. The data collected was analysed with percentage while t – test was used to test the hypothesis. The findings of the study revealed that accommodation in most school libraries are in line with the LRCN standards but minor deficiencies which are not in line with LRCN standards such as the provision of school library building designed with facilities for physically challenged, provision of concrete seats outside the library for light reading and discussions, security posts and sanitation. The study further revealed that furniture and equipment in both federal school and state public school libraries did not meet the LRCN standards. Though basic furniture like book shelves, tables and chairs are available, but items such as reading carrels, audiovisual storage, computers, scanners and book trolley are lacking. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: the federal and sate ministries of education should make provision of toilets, facilities for physically challenged, concrete seats outside the library for light reading and discussion, computers, scanners, audiovisual storage, book carrels.
INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION AND CLASS DISCIPLINE AS PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AWKA EDUCATION ZONE OF ANAMBRA STATE
The purpose of the study was to examine the joint predictive values of instructional supervision and class discipline on the academic performance of secondary school students in Awka Education Zone of Anambra State. One research question guided the study. This study was carried out in Awka education zone of Anambra State. It adopted the co-relational research design. The population of the study was made up of 1,694 teachers in public secondary schools in Awka education zone of Anambra state. The entire population was studied. Data were collected with two instruments developed by the researcher. The instruments were validated by three experts. The reliability of the instruments was established through a trial- test in public secondary schools in Enugu State. The reliability indices of the instruments using Cronbach alpha method were 0.92 and 0.85 for each of the instruments respectively. The researcher administered the instruments directly on the respondents and the Pearson’s Product Moment correlation coefficient was used in the data analysis. The result showed that instructional supervision and class discipline are strong joint predictors of academic performance of students in secondary schools. The researcher recommended that workshops/seminars should be organized for teachers on the importance of instructional supervision so as to enhance students’ academic performance.