INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION CONVENTIONS AND NIGERIAN IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES

Abstract

International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions constitute the core normative framework for the promotion of decent work, social justice, and fundamental labour rights globally. Nigeria has ratified a significant number of these conventions, signalling formal commitment to international labour standards. However, persistent gaps remain between ratification and effective domestic implementation. This paper critically examines the challenges confronting Nigeria in translating ILO conventions into enforceable labour protections within its legal and institutional framework. Anchored on doctrinal analysis and policy-oriented critique, the study interrogates the constitutional and legislative processes governing treaty domestication in Nigeria’s dualist legal system, as well as the capacity of labour institutions to enforce international standards. It argues that weak domestication mechanisms, regulatory fragmentation, limited enforcement capacity, and the dominance of informal and precarious employment significantly undermine compliance with ILO obligations.