UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL PROTECTION OF NIGERIAN WORKERS IN THE LABOUR STANDARDS

Abstract

Despite the existence of internationally recognized labour standards and expanding social protection frameworks, significant gaps persist in their coverage, enforcement, and effectiveness, particularly in developing economies. This paper critically appraises the seeming gaps in labour standards and social protection, with a focus on their implications for workers’ welfare, economic stability, and social cohesion. Drawing on global, African, and national perspectives, the paper situates the discussion within the evolving realities of labour markets characterized by high informality, non-standard employment, and the rapid growth of the gig and digital economy. It examines how weak enforcement mechanisms, fragmented worker representation, and limited institutional capacity undermine the realization of decent work and inclusive social protection. The analysis further highlights persistent exclusions within social protection systems, including inadequate coverage, insufficient benefits, and the vulnerability of informal sector workers, despite policy commitments and reform efforts.