LEGAL CHALLENGES TO COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN THE 21ST CENTURY NIGERIA

Abstract

In Nigeria, the practice of collective bargaining faces complex legal challenges that have evolved alongside the changing nature of work in the 21st century. These challenges include fragmentation of trade unions, weak enforcement of labor laws, limited coverage of informal employment sectors, and governmental restrictions in essential service areas. Additionally, the rise of digitalization, the gig economy, and transnational employment relationships has created unprecedented complexities for labor regulation and negotiation processes. Despite these obstacles, collective bargaining in Nigeria presents significant prospects for enhancing social dialogue, promoting workplace equity, and fostering industrial peace. Legal reforms, strengthened institutional frameworks, and broader inclusion of informal and precarious workers can enhance the effectiveness of collective bargaining.